This chapter begins with a brief review of descriptions and definitions of mystical-type experiences and the historical connection between classic hallucinogens and mystical experiences. The chapter then explores the empirical literature on experiences with classic hallucinogens in which claims about mystical or religious experiences have been made. A psychometrically validated questionnaire is...

kashf al-mahjoub is the first persian independent mystical text, written by abu al-hasan ali bin osman al-jolabi al-hojwiri al-qaznavi which contains valuable information about different subjects of sufism. since one of the effective methods on which one can understand a sufi’s viewpoints and can figure out his ideology and even his anagogic and mystical psychology is to analyze his esoteric in...

defamiliarization, the artistic technique of presenting to audiences common things in an unfamiliar or strange way in order to enhance perception of the familiar, is the main function of artistic literature. paradox is one of its techniques. paradox is used either syntactically or semantically. ibn al-farid was a mystic sufi poet gifted by mystical perceptions in addition to his poetic talents....