The second order (in time) Schrödinger equation is proposed. The additional term (in comparison to Schrödinger equation) describes the interaction of particles with vacuum filled with virtual particle – antiparticle pairs (zitterbewegung).

The development of fundamental understanding in material science starts at the atomic level, where concerted movements set the properties of a material and its reaction upon the application of external factors. With the current development of nano-structured materials as e.g. metal-organic frameworks which can be used for energy storage applications, gaining insights into the dynamics that driv...

Bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation are important phenomena which can produce both detrimental and beneficial effects in several fields. Research is thus focused on the modulation of the properties of material surfaces in order to design and develop substrates able to control bacterial adhesion process, which is the first trigger event of biofilm formation. Several theoretical predictions ...

The aim of this paper is the preparation and characterization of drug delivery systems for a potential brain delivery by intranasal administration. It is possible to reach the central nervous system with alternative routes through which therapeutic agents can bypass the blood brain barrier: that is the nasal administration. Intranasal drug administration is non-invasive and it could be a promis...

Over the last three decades there has been significant progress in the first principles methods for calculating the properties of materials at the quantum level. They have largely been based on the local density approximation (LDA) to density functional theory (DFT). However, nanoscience places new demands on these first principles methods because of the thousands to millions of atoms present i...

Characterization of Interfacial Modifiers for Hybrid Solar Cells Jonas Weickert, Florian Auras, Thomas Bein, and Lukas Schmidt-Mende* Department of Physics and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Amalienstr. 54, D-80809 Munich, Germany Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377 Munic...

Due to their unique chemical and physical properties, carbon-based NanoMaterials (C-NMs) are largely exploited in biomedicine, i.e., cell and tissue imaging, drug delivery and tissue engineering scaffold, even if reports regarding their toxicity are still conflicting. In fact, biological effects strictly depend on the dynamic physicochemical characteristics of CNMs, which in turn are strongly i...

nanotechnology are currently quite popular in both the scientific and the general press. These intermediate-length structures are intriguing because generally in the nanometer region, almost all physical and chemical properties of systems become size-dependent. For example, although the color of a piece of gold remains golden as it reduces from inches to millimeters to microns, the color change...