abstract background and aims: vaccination of poultry has a major impact on the prevention and control of avian influenza viruses. nanobiotechnology techniques provide a new approach for improvement of influenza vaccine efficacy. in this study, efficacy of an inactivated nano-adjuvant vaccine developed based on an endemic h9n2 virus was evaluated in spf chickens. materials and methods: in each t...

objective: to report a case of long-term disease free and successful pregnancy after fertility sparing staging surgery with adjuvant chemotherapy in a 46,xy gonadal dysgenetic with malignant germ cell tumor. materials and methods: a case report from a university hospital about a 19-year-old female with 46,xy karyotype ( swyer syndrome). the patient underwent bilateral gonadectomy and staging wi...

The mannose-sensitive hemagglutination pilus strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA-MSHA) has been shown to trigger naïve immune responses through the activation of monocytes, macrophages, natural killer cells (NK cells) and antigen presenting cells (APCs). Based on the hypothesis that PA-MSHA activates natural immunity through the Toll-like receptor (TLR) pathway, we scanned several critical TLR...

Saponins are natural glycosides of steroid or triterpene which exhibited many different biological and pharmacological activities. Notably, saponins can also activate the mammalian immune system, which have led to significant interest in their potential as vaccine adjuvants. The most widely used saponin-based adjuvants are Quil A and its derivatives QS-21, isolated from the bark of Quillaja sap...

Natural compounds obtained from plants are capable of garnering considerable attention from the scientific community, primarily due to their ability to check and prevent the onset and progress of cancer. These natural compounds are primarily used due to their nontoxic nature and the fewer side effects they cause compared to chemotherapeutic drugs. Furthermore, such natural products perform even...

In an attempt to eliminate Japanese encephalitis virus in natural surroundings, pigs having maternal antibody were given inoculation of live-attenuated Japanese encephalitis vaccine and injection of Freund’s complete adjuvant simultaneously. Titer of hemoagglutination inhibiting antibodies of pigs inoculated with live attenuated vaccine and complete adjuvant, was higher than that inoculated wit...

adjuvant induced arthritis is a chronic crippling, skeleton-muscular disorder having nearest approximation to human rheumatoid arthritis for which there is currently no medicine available effecting a permanent cure. even modern drugs used for the amelioration of the symptoms, offer only temporary relief and also produce severe side effects. in the indigenous system of medicine, wood of premna s...

BACKGROUND U.S. Black women have higher breast cancer mortality rates than White women despite lower incidence. The aim of this study is to investigate how much of the mortality disparity can be attributed to racial differences in natural history, uptake of mammography screening, and use of adjuvant therapy. METHODS Two simulation models use common national race, and age-specific data for inc...

various adjuvants in combination with different antigens have been utilized as a vaccine candidate against leishmaniasis. however, the search for ideal adjuvants is still pursued due to the inefficiencies of current compounds. in the present study, the effect of imiquimod, as an adjuvant, is studied with soluble leishmania antigens (sla) in balb/c mice. four groups of mice were immunized with s...