This paper compares the semantic interpretation of logical, programming, and natural languages. It shows that they are based on different ontologies, and investigates the relation between the ontology assumed and the analysis of empirical phenomena such as truth, the Epimenides paradox, propositional attitudes, and vagueness. Furthermore, it shows that there is a basic difference between a meta...

Every human being has the same vision for colors. On other hand, idioms –as an embodiment of expression experience, can certainly be a medium expressing universal meaning possessed by humans across cultures, including Through colors term in idioms, universality mind known. Natural Semantic Metalanguage is approach that tries to see language. By using six-color Morris Swadesh word list, this stu...

In this paper we present the heuristic algorithms at the core of a text meaning analyzer based on the ontological-semantic approach (e.g., Nirenburg and Raskin 2004). The full analyzer takes as input natural language texts and through many levels of analysis produces text meaning representations (TMRs) formulated in a specially developed ontology-based metalanguage that covers semantic as well ...

Nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM) is the latest advancement in the treatment of breast cancer, which permits complete preservation of the nipple-areola complex (NAC). Recent studies suggest similar recurrence rates with NSM compared with traditional mastectomy techniques.1–6 Moreover, NSM has been demonstrated in multiple studies to be a safe and effective procedure from a reconstructive perspect...