BACKGROUND Mitochondrial dysfunction may be causally related to the pathogenesis of organ failure in critically ill patients. Decreased mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) levels have been associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and were investigated here in relation to short-term (31-day) survival. METHODS This was a prospective longitudinal cohort study of 28 mechanically ventilated critically ill ...

DNA isolation from blood is a commonly used application to obtain nDNA and mtDNA. It was previously shown that could be performed the pellet obtained after centrifugation of freeze-thawed (FTB), this pretreatment had constructive results on isolation. However, which levels can for pretreatment, their effects are unknown. The aim study determine appropriate show isolated DNA. For purpose, isolat...

Nuclear (nDNA) and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) communication is essential for cell function, but it remains unclear whether the replication of these genomes is linked. We inspected human cells with a novel fluorescence in situ hybridization protocol (mitochondrial Transcription and Replication Imaging Protocol) that identifies mitochondrial structures engaged in initiation of mtDNA replication an...

BACKGROUND Exposure to black carbon (BC), a tracer of vehicular-traffic pollution, is associated with increased blood pressure (BP). Identifying biological factors that attenuate BC effects on BP can inform prevention. We evaluated the role of mitochondrial abundance, an adaptive mechanism compensating for cellular-redox imbalance, in the BC-BP relationship. METHODS AND RESULTS At ≥ 1 visits ...

PURPOSE Cisplatin adducts to nuclear DNA (nDNA) are felt to be the molecular lesions that trigger apoptosis, but the mechanism linking nDNA adduct formation and cell death is unclear. Some literature in the last decade has suggested a possible direct effect of cisplatin on mitochondria independent of nDNA interaction. In this study, we define separately the sequelae of cisplatin interactions wi...

S ince the initial identification of pathogenic mutations in 1988, more than 100 point mutations and numerous largescale deletions of human mtDNA have been associated with a wide range of clinical phenotypes (1). The development, by King and Attardi, of cells in culture called cybrids (cytoplasmic hybrids) provided an in vitro method to study mtDNA mutations against a uniform nuclear (nDNA) bac...

Myopathy, encephalopathy, lactacidosis and stroke-like episodes (MELAS)-syndrome is a heterogeneous respiratory-chain-disorder (RCD) due to point mutations in mitochondrial genes (m.583G>A, m.1642G>A, m.3243A>G, m.3252A>G, m.3260A >G, m.3271T>C, m.3291T>C, m.5814A>G, m.9957T>C, m.13513G>A), due to mtDNA deletions, or due to nDNA mutations, such as in POLG1.1 Like most of the RCDs, MELAS is a mu...

PURPOSE To determine if there is increased mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and nuclear DNA (nDNA) damage with age in the lenses of rats. We also explored the immunolocalization of 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase 1 (OGG1) and AP endonuclease 1 (APE1) in the lens and studied three of the predominant base excision repair (BER) enzymes: OGG1, APE1, and DNA polymerase gamma (Polgamma). METHODS The methods ...

In mammalian cells, genetic information is stored in two locations: in the nucleus and in mitochondria. Nuclear DNA (nDNA) is organized into chromosomes of which two sets are present per cell: one paternal, and one maternal. In contrast, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) inheritance is (with few exceptions) exclusively maternal, and is highly redundant, typically a few hundred to a few thousand copies ...

Mitochondria are found in all nucleated human cells and perform various essential functions, including the generation of cellular energy. Mitochondria are under dual genome control. Only a small fraction of their proteins are encoded by mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), whereas more than 99% of them are encoded by nuclear DNA (nDNA). Mutations in mtDNA or mitochondria-related nDNA genes result in mito...