Commercialised mechanically alloyed yttria dispersion strengthened alloys exhibit unusual recrystallisation behaviour. In spite of their large stored energy content, they tend to recrystallise at temperatures close to melting. The recrystallised microstructure is often very coarse and highly anisotropic, characterised by columnar grains. Such a microstructure is often referred to as being “dire...

The ability of gifted composers such as Mozart to create complex multipart musical compositions with relative ease suggests a highly efficient mechanism for generating multiple parts simultaneously. Computational models of human music composition can potentially shed light on how such rapid creativity is possible. This paper proposes such a model based on the idea that the multiple threads of a...

Surfaced-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) of 4,4'-biphenyldithiol (BPDT) has been investigated at a silver island film. Ordinary Raman (OR) spectra of neat sample in solid state and in basic solution have also been taken for comparison. The spectral feature in the SERS spectrum was similar to that for the OR spectrum in basic solution, except for the broadening of ring stretching bands indicati...

Nonexercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT) is the energy expended for everything that is not sleeping, eating, or sports-like exercise. It includes the energy expended walking to work, typing, performing yard work, undertaking agricultural tasks, and fidgeting. NEAT can be measured by one of two approaches. The first is to measure or estimate total NEAT. Here, total daily energy expenditure is m...

Elementary divisor domains were defined by Kaplansky [I. Kaplansky, Elementary divisors and modules, Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 66 (1949) 464–491] and generalized to rings with zero-divisors by Gillman and Henriksen [L. Gillman, M. Henriksen, Some remarks about elementary divisor rings, Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 82 (1956) 362–365]. In [M.D. Larsen, W.J. Lewis, T.S. Shores, Elementary divisor rings a...

The O-H stretching fundamental spectra of water clusters are well known from cold jet expansions, but their detection in the atmosphere remains elusive. Mild supersonic jet expansions of neat water vapor are used to detect trimers and tetramers with intermediate thermal excitation. Spectra close to the evaporative limit are obtained by interfering neighboring expansion fans in a multi slit nozz...

Cryptographic systems are derived using units in group rings. Combinations of types of units in group rings give units not of any particular type. This includes cases of taking powers of units and products of such powers and adds the complexity of the discrete logarithm problem to the system. The method enables encryption and (error-correcting) coding to be combined within one system. These gro...

Iron is essential for bacterial survival, being required for numerous biological processes. NEAr-iron Transporter (NEAT) domains have been studied in pathogenic Gram-positive bacteria to understand how their proteins obtain heme as an iron source during infection. While a 2002 study initially discovered and annotated the NEAT domain encoded by the genomes of several Gram-positive bacteria, ther...

The difficulty of sustaining ICT4D projects in developing nations is a formidable issue encountered by project managers. Addressing this issue is vital given reasons such as the opportunity cost of IT investment failure in developing-world contexts. This paper presents a study which explores the sustainability of ICT4D projects via a case study of a large-scale, nation-wide, government sector I...

The ESIPT of three 2,5-dihydroxyphenyl-substituted arenes 9-11 was studied in various solvent systems, to investigate the direction of the proton transfer from the phenol to the respective carbons of naphthyl, phenanthrenyl and anthryl aromatic rings. In neat CH3CN, 9-11 undergo direct ESIPT from the phenolic OH to the ipso-position of the corresponding aromatic carbon acceptors, via an intramo...