The impact of the novel Covid-19, otherwise known as coronavirus on entire spectrum Nigeria’s national life, elsewhere, remains yet indelibly unquantifiable at present. Thanks to Elite culpability in management corona-virus epidemic that has now rendered life halted and, brinks spontaneous discontinuity. Conceptualized this study mean negligence duty, unpacks how Nigerian political Elites and l...

He was very free with his allegations of professional negligence against a number of doctors and surgeons, all of which have been shown to be without foundation. These allegations were based upon a superficial reading of the relevant notes and records and a totally inadequate appreciation of matters which were well-known to those who have up to date responsibility for the day to day care of spi...

Omissions figure prominently in causal reasoning from diagnosis to ascriptions of negligence. One philosophical proposal posits that omissions are accompanied by a contrasting alternative that describes a case of orthodox (nonomissive) causation (Schaffer, 2005; Bernstein, 2014). A psychological hypothesis can be drawn from this contrast view of omissions: by default, humans should interpret om...

This paper discusses different needs and approaches to establishing “causation” that are relevant in legal cases involving statistical input based on epidemiological (or more generally observational or population-based) information. We distinguish between three versions of “cause”: the first involves negligence in providing or allowing exposure, the second involves “cause” as it is shown throug...

In 2002, Norway experienced a large outbreak of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections in hospitals with 231 confirmed cases. This fuelled intense public and professional debates on what were the causes and who were responsible. In epidemiology, other sciences, in philosophy and in law there is a long tradition of discussing the concept of causality. We use this outbreak as a case; apply various the...

In state of the art sentiment analysis, text is analyzed for a single unidimensional sentiment or opinion score. This unidimensional sentiment, however, cannot capture the nuances of emotions: for example, two texts that respectively convey anger and sadness will both have a negative sentiment associated with them, while carrying very different connotations. Thus, we require a tool that allows ...

In this paper we apply the method of inferred causation for macroeconomic analysis. First we introduce briefly the theory of inferred causation developed by Pearl and Verma (1991). We apply this method to the identification of structural vector autoregression (SVAR) models. In an example of monetary policy analysis we demonstrate how causal information embedded in the data can be used to identi...