We argue that the waning of nepotism in academia bolstered scientific production pre-industrial Europe. build a database families scholars (1088–1800), measure their output, and develop general method to disentangle from inherited human capital—two determinants occupational persistence. This requires jointly addressing measurement error capital proxies sample selection bias arising nepotism. Ou...

Seriousness in eradicating KKN as a whole and not only focusing on corruption alone is line with the regulations regarding collusion nepotism Law Implementation of Clean KKN-free Government. In legislation, are formulated criminal acts whose perpetrators threatened sanctions. This means that actions prohibited by law. Indonesia has Special Court to hear cases, but these courts do have authority...

Lack of information is a constraint but ignorance can sometimes assist the evolution of cooperation by constraining selfishness. We discuss examples involving both ignorance of role or pay-off and ignorance of relatedness. Ignorance can favour cooperative traits like grouping and warning coloration and reduce conflicts from meiotic drive, imprinting, greenbeards and various forms of nepotism.

Significant advances have been made in understanding kin recognition as it pertains to nepotism (preferential treatment of kin) and mate choice (optimization of inbreeding and outbreeding). Yet complementary knowledge about how animals discriminate conspecifics on the basis of genetic relatedness remains unclear for most species. Because of the diversity of their scent sources and highly develo...

People or organizations initiate to obtain multiply resources. One of the personal initiatives is increase resources by establishing marriage kinship using social networks. It possible evaluate nepotism as an effort networks Nepotism often handled through a human resource management and cultural perspective. This research differs from previous researches due combination behavioral traits person...

Hamilton (1) argued that prior to his theory of inclusive fitness, nobody had sought evidence for kin discrimination in animals because nepotism was an embarrassment to human society. Why did it take so long after Hamilton’s theory was proposed, however, to search for kin discrimination in simpler organisms, like bacteria? Perhaps we were prideful that we, as animals, have the unique ability to...