background: l1 retrotransposons are the most active mobile dna elements in human genome. unregulated l1 retrotransposition may have deleterious effect by disrupting vital genes and inducing genomic instabilities. therefore, human cells control l1 elements by silencing their activities through epigenetic mechanisms. it has been shown that cell division and heavy metals stimulate the frequency of...

Neuroblastoma may be extremely difficult to recognize, particularly when the tumor presents as a primary central nervous system disease. Central nervous system involvement may be considered as primary intracerebral neuroblastoma, metastases to the cranium from an occult primary, primary intraorbital neuroblastoma originating in the ciliary ganglion, metastatic intraorbital neuroblastoma from an...

PURPOSE We examined the activity of gemcitabine against neuroblastoma in vitro and in vivo. In addition, we investigated the cellular mechanisms of high sensitivity to the agent in neuroblastoma cells. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We examined 11 neuroblastoma cell lines for sensitivity to gemcitabine and other chemotherapeutic agents used clinically for neuroblastoma. The in vivo sensitivity of neurob...

BACKGROUND More effective therapy for children with high-risk neuroblastoma is desperately needed. Preclinical studies have shown that neuroblastoma tumor growth can be inhibited by agents that block angiogenesis. We hypothesized that drugs which target both neuroblastoma cells and tumor angiogenesis would have potent anti-tumor activity. In this study we tested the effects of sorafenib, a mult...

Extravasation can present serious accidental complication of intravenous drug application. While monoclonal antibodies do not show the necrotic potential cytotoxic chemotherapy drugs, considerable inflammatory toxicity occur, necessitating standardized operating procedures for management their extravasation. Here, we report clinical course and dinutuximab beta extravasation in a 3-year-old chil...

MYCN amplification strongly predicts adverse outcome of neuroblastoma. However, the significance of MYCN expression in the clinical and biological behavior of neuroblastoma has been unclear. To address this question, we first examined the expression of MYCN in combination with TrkA (a favorable prognostic indicator of neuroblastoma) in 91 primary neuroblastoma by quantitative reverse transcript...

For many years, the risk-based therapy stratification of children with neuroblastoma has relied on clinical and molecular covariates. In recent genome analysis revealed further alterations defining risk, tumor biology, therapeutic targets. The implementation a robust scalable method for analyzing traditional new markers in routine diagnostics is an urgent need. Here, we investigated targeted pa...

Neuroblastoma is a common solid malignant tumor of the sympathetic nervous system, which contributes to 15% of cancer‑related mortality in children. The differentiation status of neuroblastoma is correlated with clinical outcome, and the induction of differentiation thus constitutes a therapeutic approach in this disease. However, the molecular mechanisms that control the differentiation of neu...

Neuroblastoma is a childhood tumour with heterogeneous characteristics and children with metastatic disease often have a poor outcome. Here we describe the establishment of neuroblastoma patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) by orthotopic implantation of viably cryopreserved or fresh tumour explants of patients with high risk neuroblastoma into immunodeficient mice. In vivo tumour growth was monito...