The nerve injury, whether it results in tissue loss or not, involves cutting off the nerve, making impossible for two portions to interact and, as a result, impairing functionality. Mesenchymal stem cells are one of best options cell therapy many diseases due their distinct functional properties, such potent differentiation capacity, immunomodulatory capacity and growth support. secretome gener...

Peripheral nerve injury induces inflammation and oxidative stress, which are the most significant causes of the neuronal death. Alpha Lipoic acid (ɑ-LA) as a potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent may counteract the oxidative stress and inflammatory response. This study was designed to investigate the protective effect of ɑ-LA on neuronal cell death in L4 dorsal root ganglion (L4-DRG) i...

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is an important public health issue as these high-rate mechanical insults to tissue, even on a mild scale, progress secondary cascades that prolong and augment the injury. More effective models are vital study mechanism progression. Although oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) mature oligodendrocytes (OLs) have been shown play large role in TBI recovery, researc...

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in young adults and children, and is a leading public health problem worldwide. In TBI, neurological impairment is caused by immediate brain tissue disruption (primary injury) and post‑injury cellular and molecular events (secondary injury) that exacerbate the primary neurological insult. However, the destructi...

The role of phospholipase C-coupled (group I) metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR1 and mGluR5) in post-traumatic neuronal injury was examined using rat in vivo and in vitro models. Traumatic injury to mixed neuronal/glial cultures induced phosphoinositide hydrolysis and caused neuronal death. Pharmacological blockade of group I receptors significantly reduced these effects in vitro and decr...

Abstract Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a multistep interaction of antigens, cytokine-mediated humeral, and cellular immune reactions. Because the limitations clinical radiological evaluation in TBI, there has been considerable advancement toward need for developing biomarkers that can predict severity TBI. Blood-based hold potential to absence intracranial thus decrease unnecessary computed t...

The histologic description of cerebral ischemia is complex, and within most lesions there are regional variations in degrees of neuronal cell injury, edema, and neuropil disruption. These parameters of tissue injury were analyzed histopathologically in transient and permanent experimental cerebral ischemia in 15 rabbits and the results were spatially correlated with MR images of pre- and postmo...

Nitric oxide (NO) has a critical role in neuronal function; however, high levels lead to cellular injury. While guanidino-methylated arginines (MA) including asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and N(G)-methyl-l-arginine (NMA) are potent competitive inhibitors of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and are released upon protein degradation, it is unknown whether their intracellular concentrations are su...

The cysteinyl leukotrienes (CysLTs) are inflammatory mediators closely associated with neuronal injury after brain ischemia through the activation of their receptors, CysLT1R and CysLT2R. Here we investigated the involvement of both receptors in oxygen-glucose deprivation/recovery (OGD/R)-induced ischemic neuronal injury and the effect of the novel CysLT2R antagonist HAMI 3379 [3-({[(1S,3S)-3- ...

The cysteinyl leukotrienes (CysLTs) are inflammatory mediators closely associated with neuronal injury after brain ischemia through the activation of their receptors, CysLT1R and CysLT2R. Here we investigated the involvement of both receptors in oxygen-glucose deprivation/recovery (OGD/R)-induced ischemic neuronal injury and the effect of the novel CysLT2R antagonist HAMI 3379 [3-({[(1S,3S)-3ca...