In this issue of Blood, Wang et al reveal that ligation of Ly6G on murine neutrophils inhibits neutrophil recruitment, providing the first evidence of a function for this molecule.

Effector CD8 T cell recruitment into the skin in response to Ag challenge requires prior CXCL1/KC-directed neutrophil infiltration. Mechanisms inducing CXCL1 production and the dynamics of neutrophil-CD8 T cell interactions during elicitation of Ag-specific responses in the skin were investigated. CXCL1 and CXCL2/MIP-2 were produced within 3-6 h of Ag challenge at 10-fold higher levels in skin ...

Blood brain barrier (BBB) breakdown and neuroinflammation are key events in ischemic stroke morbidity and mortality. The present study investigated the effects of mast cell deficiency and stabilization on BBB breakdown and neutrophil infiltration in mice after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAo). Adult male C57BL6/J wild type (WT) and mast cell-deficient (C57BL6/J Kit(Wsh/Wsh) (W...

This study examined the effects of estrogen supplementation on markers of neutrophil infiltration and damage in skeletal muscle of rats following ischemia. Male and female gonad-intact rats, with or without 14 days of estrogen supplementation were subjected to two hours of hind-limb ischemia and sacrificed at 24, 48 or 72 hours post-ischemia. Control animals were sacrificed without ischemia. Pl...

Hyaluronidase (Hyal) and low m.w. hyaluronan (LMW HA) fragments have been widely reported to stimulate the innate immune response. However, most hyaluronidases used were purified from animal tissues (e.g., bovine testis Hyal [BTH]), and contain endotoxin and other unrelated proteins. We tested a highly purified recombinant human Hyal (rHuPH20) and endotoxin-free HA fragments from M(r) 5,000 to ...

Neutrophil infiltration is a critical event in the development of multiple organ failure during sepsis. We hypothesized that platelet-activating factor (PAF) release contributes to neutrophil infiltration in the gastrointestinal tract during sepsis. In the first experiments we administered exogenous PAF (1.56, 6.25, 25, and 100 ng ⋅ kg-1 ⋅ min-1for 30 min) to urethan-anesthetized Sprague-Dawley...

BACKGROUND & AIMS CD36 has immuno-metabolic actions and is abundant in the small intestine on epithelial, endothelial and immune cells. We examined the role of CD36 in gut homeostasis using mice null for CD36 (CD36KO) and with CD36 deletion specific to enterocytes (Ent-CD36KO) or endothelial cells (EC-CD36KO). METHODS Intestinal morphology was evaluated using immunohistochemistry and electron...

Although previous studies reported the involvement of the TLR4-TRIF pathway in alcohol-induced liver injury, the role of TLR2 and TLR9 signaling in alcohol-mediated neutrophil infiltration and liver injury has not been elucidated. Since alcohol binge drinking is recognized to induce more severe form of alcohol liver disease, we used a chronic-binge ethanol-feeding model as a mouse model for ear...

Neutrophils have a dual role in sepsis-defending against infection and mediating organ failure. Because glutathione (GSH) is lower in sepsis, the hypothesis that GSH depletion might impair the migratory response of neutrophils to infection was tested. In a mouse model of polymicrobial sepsis induced by cecal ligation and puncture, GSH depletion inhibited peritoneal neutrophil infiltration, incr...

Impaired wound healing frequently occurs in patients with diabetes. Interleukin (IL)-8 production by keratinocyte is responsible for recruiting neutrophils during healing. Intense inflammation is associated with diabetic wounds, while reduction of neutrophil infiltration is associated with enhanced healing. We hypothesized that increased neutrophil recruitment by keratinocytes may contribute to...