It has been more than a decade since it was recognized that the nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells (NF-κB) transcription factor family was activated by two distinct pathways: the canonical pathway involving NF-κB1 and the non-canonical pathway involving NF-κB2. During this time a great deal of evidence has been amassed on the ligands and receptors that activate t...

The importance of IκB kinase (IKK)-induced proteolysis of NF-κB1 p105 in B cells was investigated using Nfkb1(SSAA/SSAA) mice, in which this NF-κB signaling pathway is blocked. Nfkb1(SSAA) mutation had no effect on the development and homeostasis of follicular mature (FM) B cells. However, analysis of mixed bone marrow chimeras revealed that Nfkb1(SSAA/SSAA) FM B cells were completely unable to...

The mechanisms of progression from Barrett's esophagus (BE) to esophageal adenocarcinoma (EA) are not known. Cycloxygenase-2 (COX-2)-derived prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂) has been shown to be important in esophageal tumorigenesis. We have shown that COX-2 mediates acid-induced PGE₂ production. The prostaglandin E synthase (PGES) responsible for acid-induced PGE2 production in BE, however, is not know...

The activation, proliferation and survival of lymphocytes depend on the antigen receptor-induced formation of cytoplasmic signaling complexes that control specific transcriptional pathways. The protease MALT1 has an essential role in lymphocyte activation and lymphoma development [1, 2]. Upon antigen receptor triggering, MALT1 is recruited to the so-called CBM complex, formed by the assembly of...

INTRODUCTION We aimed to understand the molecular pathways affected by bortezomib and arsenic trioxide treatment on myelomonocytoid cell line P39. METHODS Oligonucleotide microarray platforms were used for gene expression and pathway analysis. Confirmation studies were performed using quantitative real time PCR. RESULTS Bortezomib treatment has shown upregulated DIABLO and NF-κBIB (a NF-κB ...

Activation of PKR (double-stranded-RNA-dependent protein kinase) by DNA plasmids decreases translation, and limits the amount of recombinant protein produced by transiently transfected HEK (human embryonic kidney)-293 cells. Co-expression with Ebola virus VP35 (virus protein 35), which blocked plasmid activation of PKR, substantially increased production of recombinant TPL-2 (tumour progression...

Although NF-κB1 p50/p105 has critical roles in immunity, the mechanism by which NF-κB1 regulates inflammatory responses is unclear. Here, we analyzed the gene expression profile of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated Nfkb1−/− macrophages that lack both p50 and p105. Deficiency of p50/p105 selectively increased the expression of interferon (IFN)-responsive genes, which correlated with increased ...