Nitrogen fixation, along with photosynthesis is the basis of all life on Earth. Current understanding suggests that no plant fixes its own nitrogen. Some plants (mainly legumes) fix nitrogen via symbiotic anaerobic microorganisms (mainly rhizobia). The nature of biological nitrogen fixation is that the dinitrogenase catalyzes the reaction splitting triple bond inert atmospheric nitrogen (N2) in...

Water splitting has been widely studied since the reaction affords hydrogen as an energetic pollutant-free fuel from most abundant molecule. Electrolysis, and photolysis of water are reliable pathways for generation in green conditions, which a catalyst is charge transformation, manipulation its structure predominantly impresses rate. In this review, we concentrated on impacts nitrogen doping a...

Photoactivation of the water splitting enzyme was performed with 13 different synthetic manganese complexes and characterized by oxygen evolution yield, thermoluminescence and chlorophyll fluorescence induction kinetics. The efficiency of different compounds in photoactivation correlated with the rate of linear electron transport in the presence of these compounds. The organic ligands, associat...

We have successfully developed a plasmon-induced artificial photosynthesis system that uses a gold nanoparticle-loaded oxide semiconductor electrode to produce useful chemical energy as hydrogen and ammonia. The most important feature of this system is that both sides of a strontium titanate single-crystal substrate are used without an electrochemical apparatus. Plasmon-induced water splitting ...

Evidence is given of the presence in the cellular material obtained from the pneumonic lung of a proteolytic enzyme digesting coagulated blood serum at hydrogen ion concentrations of 7.3 to 6.7 and inactive at higher; i.e., more acid concentrations. In addition, evidence is brought forward of the presence in the cellular material from the pneumonic lung of a proteolytic enzyme splitting peptone...

Investigation into integrated PEC/PVC for water splitting and light harvesting has focused on doping, QD sensitization and nanomaterials morphology. We have demonstrated, for the first time, PVC based on combined use of nitrogen doping and CdSe QD sensitization of nanocrystalline TiO2 thin films with promising results for solar energy conversion. Such TiO2:N/CdSe PVC produced an incident-photon...

This investigation was concerning with isolation and identification of fungal species from soil in upper Egypt (Assiut). Thirty fungal species belonging to eighteen genera were collected and screened for their ability to produce cellulase and pectinase enzymes. The most potent was Mucor fuscus (MS22) and was allowed to grow on industrial cellulose and pectin under different cultural and nutriti...

The present work introduces a modified scheme for the solution of compressible 2-D full Navier-Stokes equations, using Flux Vector Splitting method. As a result of this modification, numerical diffusion is reduced. The computer code which is developed based on this algorithm can be used easily and accurately to analyze complex flow fields with discontinuity in properties, in cases such as shock...

Standard nutritional advice for irrigated sugarcane in South Africa and Swaziland is based on soil sample analysis and threshold values that have been determined experimentally over many years with surface-applied fertilisers. Fertilisers are normally applied in solid form during the early stages of crop development and watered in by the next irrigation cycle. The increasing popularity of subsu...

Nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamonds are a powerful tool for accurate magnetic field measurements. The key is precisely estimating the field-dependent splitting width of optically detected resonance (ODMR) spectra NV centers. In this study, we investigate optical power dependence ODMR using ensemble nanodiamonds (NDs) and single-crystal bulk diamond. We find that exponentially decays satur...