Discretionary models for evaluating the efficiency of suppliers assume that all criteria are discretionary, i.e., controlled by the management of each supplier and varied at its discretion. These models do not assume supplier selection in the conditions that some factors are nondiscretionary. The objective of this paper is to propose a new pair of Nondiscretionary Factors-Imprecise Data Envelop...

The purpose of this paper is to study the suitability of loan loss provision (LLP) of Iranian banks when the industry is dealing with earning management behaviors. This goal has been reached using a two-step approach to analyze the discretionary component of LLP and then examine the relevant factors. This empirical study uses an unbalanced panel data of 15 listed banks during the 2006-2017 peri...

Single-user applications are designed with a ‘discretionary use’ model. In contrast, for large systems, upper management support is considered crucial to adoption. Which applies to groupware? The relatively low cost of groupware reduces high-level visibility, but some argue that social dynamics will force mandated use—the large system approach. Interview studies of recently adopted on-line meet...

The changing economic conditions have challenged many organizations to search for more efficient and effective ways to manage their supply chain. During recent years supplier selection decisions have received considerable attention in the supply chain management (SCM) literature. There are four major decisions that are related to the supplier selection process: what product or services to order...

INTRODUCTION Salt intake increases fluid intake and, consequently, blood pressure (BP) and interdialytic weight gain (IDWG), known as morbi-mortality risk factors for hemodialysis (HD) patients. OBJECTIVE Evaluate salt intake and food sources, as well as its relationship with demographics, clinical and nutritional parameters. METHODS Cross-sectional study with 109 patients (66% women, age =...

While Mandatory Access Controls (MAC) are appropriate for multilevel secure military applications, Discretionary Access Controls (DAC) are often perceived as meeting the security processing needs of industry and civilian government. This paper argues that reliance on DAC as the principal method of access control is unfounded and inappropriate for many commercial and civilian government organiza...

While Mandatory Access Controls (MAC) are appropriate for multilevel secure military applications, Discretionary Access Controls (DAC) are often perceived as meeting the security processing needs of industry and civilian government. This paper argues that reliance on DAC as the principal method of access control is unfounded and inappropriate for many commercial and civilian government organiza...

This study aimed to evaluate the urinary excretion of sodium and potassium, and to estimate the main food sources of sodium in Maputo dwellers. A cross-sectional evaluation of a sample of 100 hospital workers was conducted between October 2012 and May 2013. Sodium and potassium urinary excretion was assessed in a 24-h urine sample; creatinine excretion was used to exclude unlikely urine values....