Spectrally and spatially resolved x rays are widely used diagnostics for high-temperature plasmas in laser-driven experiments. The relatively small time scales and small optical depths that occur often require a non-LTE (local thermodynamic equilibrium) analysis of atomic phenomena, and the relatively long mean free path of the most energetic electrons can make non-Maxwellian electron energy di...

Superconfigurations are an important component of many of the collisional-radiative atomic models that are used to predict the properties of atoms and ions in non-local thermodynamic equilibrium (non-LTE) plasmas. In this paper, we investigate the statistical properties of superconfigurations and derive expressions for their approximate average energies and energy variances based on one-electro...

   Surfaces of synthesis cobalt disulfide has high electron density that could interact with polycyclic aromatic compounds by π-π stacking. Cobalt disulfide was synthesized with the hydrothermal method and characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and energy-dispersive X-ray. Using tetracycline as a model analyte, the batch adsorption experiments were c...

In this section, we describe the equation of motion (EOM) method for the non-equilibrium Green’s function[1]. The formalism provides a tool to calculate the transport properties of strongly-correlated multiple quantum dots (MQD) system in the Coulomb blockade regime. [2–7] The electron degrees of freedom within the MQD is treated exactly by the full many-body EOM, while the tunnelling effect to...

Abstract Purpose The physics design of the High Energy Photon Source (HEPS) was finished after many times iteration. Hereby, typical equilibrium electron beam parameters corresponding to proposed two baseline operation modes in HEPS are presented. Methods To compute beam, lattice parameters, RF and insertion devices (IDs) were determined first. Furthermore, it is more precise use full-current e...

1 List of symbols and abbreviations 3 Chapter 1: INTRODUCTION 6 Chapter 2: LITERATURE SURVEY 8 2.1: The essence of ultra fine grained materials 8 2.2: Severe plastic deformation: a method for producing UFG microstructure 11 2.3: Physical properties of materials derived from GB character 15 2.4: Non-equilibrium GBs: theoretical aspects 16 2.4.1: Conventional models for GB structure 16 2.4.2: Mod...

The first experimental evidence of anisotropic electron energization during magnetic reconnection that favors a direction perpendicular to the guide magnetic field in a toroidal, magnetically confined plasma is reported in this Letter. Magnetic reconnection plays an important role in particle heating, energization, and transport in space and laboratory plasmas. In toroidal devices like the Madi...