Neck aesthetics are a vital and indispensable component of cervicofacial beauty. Cosmetic deformities may be due to congenital or acquired etiologies successful management depends on accurately diagnosing the underlying anatomical problems applying appropriate surgical non-surgical procedures achieve desired result. For clinical evaluation treatment, neck anatomy conceptualized into three layer...

Internet Accessible Mathematical Computation (IAMC) is a distributed system to make mathematical computation easily and widely available on the Web/Internet. The architecture and implementation of a framework for building IAMC systems are presented. Protocol layers, allowing any well-de ned encodings for mathematical data, connect the IAMC client (Icl) and server (Isv). An external engine inter...

In this work is presented a general architecture for a multi physical agent network system based on the coordination and the behaviour management. The system is organised in a hierarchical structure where are distinguished the individual agent actions and the collective ones linked to the whole agent network. Individual actions are also organised in a hybrid layered system that take advantages ...

Thermoelectric technology, which possesses potential application in recycling industrial waste heat as energy, calls for novel high-performance materials. The systematic exploration of novel thermoelectric materials with excellent electronic transport properties is severely hindered by limited insight into the underlying bonding orbitals of atomic structures. Here we propose a simple yet succes...

This paper describes a layered approach to selection and use of open standards which is being developed for digital library development work within the UK. This approach reflects the diversity of the technical environment, the service provider's environment, the user requirements and maturity of standards by separating contextual aspects; technical and non-technical policies; the selection of a...

In this article, small scale effects on free vibration analysis of non-uniform nanobeams is discussed. Small scale effects are modelled after Eringen’s nonlocal elasticity theory while the non-uniformity is presented by exponentially varying width among the beams length with constant thickness. Analytical solution is achieved for free vibration with different boundary conditions. It is shown th...

Layered motion estimation (LME) in X-ray fluoroscopy is a challenging, ill-posed and non-convex problem due to transparency effects and the way the image is defined. Minimizing an energy formulation of layered motion estimation is computationally expensive. For clinical usability of this approach, we propose to use primal-dual optimization parallelized using a graphical processing unit (GPU) to...

We investigate the new, Turing-complete class of layered systems, whose lefthand sides of rules can only be overlapped at a multiset of disjoint or equal positions. Layered systems define a natural notion of rank for terms: the maximal number of non-overlapping redexes along a path from the root to a leaf. Overlappings are allowed in finite or infinite trees. Rules may be non-terminating, non-l...