Methods In a prospective observational study we included patients started on vancomycin, from four different intensive care units (ICU) at Oslo University Hospital. Blood samples as well as ultrafiltrate samples from patients on continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT), were collected in one dosage interval on three consecutive days 24 hours(hrs) from start. The observation time was 72 hrs. ...

morphine withdrawal usually results in unsuccessful outcomes. despite partial benefits from alternative substances such as methadone, its use may not lead to the desired result due to the lack of mental tranquility during the withdrawal period. in this study, by means of an animal model, morphine itself was used to manage morphine dependence. forty mice were divided into 5 groups, in which 4 gr...

A novel experimental paradigm for measuring state paranoia by means of signal detection theory was evaluated. A liberal response bias, indicating the tendency to recognize facial expressions as threatening, was expected to reflect paranoia. Against theoretical expectations, heightened paranoia questionnaire scores were associated with a non-liberal bias, which was not affected by negative emoti...

INTRODUCTION Translaryngeal intubated and ventilated patients often need sedation to treat anxiety, agitation and/or pain. Current opinion is that tracheotomy reduces sedation requirements. We determined sedation needs before and after tracheotomy of intubated and mechanically ventilated patients. METHODS We performed a retrospective analysis of the use of morphine, midazolam and propofol in ...

Since the introduction of our local manufacturing of terfenadine, we have observed and expressed our concern about a small but increasing number of serious ventricular arrhythmias associated with the use of this non sedating antihistamine. In January 1997 a case of torsade de pointes ventricular tachycardia was detected in a previously healthy woman taking terfenadine with erythromycin. El...

BACKGROUND Both "liberal" and "goal-directed" (GD) therapy use a large amount of perioperative fluid, but they appear to have very different effects on perioperative outcomes. We sought to determine whether one fluid management strategy was superior to the others. METHODS We selected randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the use of GD or restrictive versus liberal fluid therapy (LVR) in majo...

BACKGROUND Guidelines support the use of a restrictive strategy in blood transfusion management in a variety of clinical settings. However, recent randomized controlled trials (RCTs) performed in the perioperative setting suggest a beneficial effect on survival of a liberal strategy. We aimed to assess the effect of liberal and restrictive blood transfusion strategies on mortality in perioperat...

OBJECTIVE To assess associations between Parkinson disease (PD) and putatively protective factors-smoking, caffeine (coffee, tea, and soft drinks), and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (aspirin, ibuprofen, and naproxen). DESIGN Family-based case-control study. SETTING Academic medical center clinic. PARTICIPANTS A total of 356 case subjects and 317 family controls who self-reported en...