ABSTRACT Hypertension causes significant mortality and morbidity around the world. The β-adrenergic blockers are one of most commonly prescribed hypertension medications. Several with different pharmacological qualities have been developed, which may be grouped into three generations based on differences in properties. In this narrative review, we addressed evidence-based literature about role ...

Treatment of portal hypertension is evolving based on randomised controlled trials. In acute variceal bleeding, prophylactic antibiotics are mandatory, reducing mortality as well as preventing infections. Terlipressin or somatostatin combined with endoscopic ligation or sclerotherapy is the best strategy for control of bleeding but there is no added effect of vasoactive drugs on mortality. Non-...

beta-Leptinotarsin-h, purified from the hemolymph of the beetle Leptinotarsa haldemani, is a potent ( approximately 1 nM) neuroactive protein that rapidly (few seconds) stimulates Ca(2+) influx and neurotransmitter release. Our goals were to further characterize beta-leptinotarsin-h and to test the hypothesis that it stimulates Ca(2+) influx through presynaptic Ca(2+) channels. Analysis of part...

AIM To determine the long term efficacy of monotherapy with topically applied beta blocking agents and to determine whether selective beta blockers were able to preserve the visual field more effectively than non-selective agents. METHOD A prospective randomised, open, comparative study of three topically applied beta blockers-timolol, betaxolol, and carteolol-was carried out on 153 patients ...

The reduction in blood pressure seen with the use of beta-blocking drugs was an unexpected finding. Initially there was resistance to their use as the reduction of cardiac output and increase in peripheral resistance from beta-blockade was considered an undesirable pharmacological action for a drug in the treatment of hypertension. However, beta-blockers have now become established in the treat...