OBJECTIVE To investigate the relation between breastfeeding, use of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)-fortified formula and neuropsychological function in children. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. SETTING Southampton, UK. SUBJECTS 241 children aged 4 years followed up from birth. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES IQ measured by the Wechsler Pre-School and Primary Scale of Intelligence (3rd edn), visual a...

BACKGROUND Frequently individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have been noted with a larger head circumference (HC) than their typical developing peers. Biologic hypotheses suggest that an overly rapid brain growth leads to the core symptoms of ASD by impairing connectivity. Literature is divided however where deleterious, protective and null associations of HC with ASD symptoms in indi...

BACKGROUND Many women of childbearing potential take antiepileptic drugs, but the cognitive effects of fetal exposure are uncertain. We aimed to assess effects of commonly used antiepileptic drugs on cognitive outcomes in children up to 6 years of age. METHODS In this prospective, observational, assessor-masked, multicentre study, we enrolled pregnant women with epilepsy on antiepileptic drug...

OBJECTIVE Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is often associated with reduced IQ and high levels of externalizing behavior (EB). This study tested if DRD4 7-repeat allele and DAT1 10-repeat allele homozygosity interact in modulating correlations between IQ and EB in affected boys. METHODS Boys (n=130) between 6 and 12 years of age diagnosed with ADHD were included in the study. I...

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS In this meta-analysis, we reviewed observational studies investigating differences in intelligence quotient (IQ) scores of children with unilateral hearing loss compared to children with normal hearing. DATA SOURCES PubMed Medline, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Embase, PsycINFO. METHODS A query identified all English-language studies related...

Investment traits--the tendency to seek out and engage in cognitive activity--might affect intellectual growth across the life span, specifically the development from fluid to crystallized intelligence. Here we explore how childhood IQ at age 11 years, IQ at age 79, and the investment trait Typical Intellectual Engagement (TIE) at age 81 affect the mean level and change in verbal fluency scores...

The Duchenne muscular systrophy (DMD) is a muscular dystrophy with cognitive impairment present in 20-30% of the cases. In the present study, in order to study the relationship between the α-dystroglycan (α-DG) immunostaining in skeletal muscle and cognitive performance in DMD patients, 19 were assessed. Twelve patients performed the intelligence quotient (IQ) below the average. Among the 19 pa...

The Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a muscular dystrophy with cognitive impairment present in 20-30% of the cases. In the present study, in order to study the relationship between the alpha-dystroglycan (alpha-DG) immunostaining in skeletal muscle and cognitive performance in DMD patients, 19 were assessed. Twelve patients performed the intelligence quotient (IQ) below the average. Among t...

In this study, some executive function measures (Wisconsin Card Sorting Test [WCST], verbal fluency, and Trial Making Test [TMT], Form A and Form B) were correlated with Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised (WISC-R) scores. Fifty 13- to 16-year-old normal children were selected. It was found that verbal fluency tests correlated about 0.30 with Verbal Intelligence Quotient (IQ) and F...

Utilizing a newly released cognitive Polygenic Score (PGS) from Wave IV of Add Health (n = 1,886), structural equation models (SEMs) examining the relationship between PGS and fertility (which is approximately 50% complete in the present sample), employing measures of verbal IQ and educational attainment as potential mediators, were estimated. The results of indirect pathway models revealed tha...