In this article, infinite-series expressions for the second-order statistical measures of a macro-diversity structure operating over the Gamma shadowed -μ fading channels are provided. We have focused on MRC (maximal ratio combining) combining at each base station (micro-diversity), and selection combining (SC), based on output signal power values, between base stations (macro-diversity). Some ...

We propose to combine multiple laser beams into a single diffraction-limited beam by beam self-focusing (collapse) in a Kerr medium. Beams with total power above critical are first combined in the near field and then propagated in the optical fiber/waveguide with Kerr nonlinearity. Random fluctuations during propagation eventually trigger a strong self-focusing event and produce a diffraction-l...

The performances of selection diversity receiver structures in a slow flat Rayleigh-fading environment are assessed. A number of new and interesting results are obtained. Binary digital signaling using noncoherent frequency-shift keying (NCFSK), differential phase-shift keying (DPSK), coherent phase-shift keying (CPSK), and coherent frequency-shift keying (CFSK) is considered. The traditional a...

In this paper, we propose a dual smart antenna system incorporated into handsets for the 3GPP WCDMA system, in which a diversity combiner combines the two rake receiver outputs using a diversity combining scheme. We considered three diversity combining schemes, selection diversity, square law combining, and equal gain combining (EGC), and two types of the channel model for the dual antenna sign...

the complete 3d nonlinear dynamic problem of extensible, flexible risers conveying fluid is considered. for describing the dynamics of the system, the newtonian derivation procedure is followed. the velocity field inside the pipe formulated using hydrostatic and bernoulli equations. the hydrodynamic effects of external fluids are taken into consideration through the nonlinear drag forces in var...

An RF adaptive array antenna (RF-AAA) configured with variable capacitors is proposed. This antenna system can control the power combining ratio and phase value of received signals. In this paper, we focus on the diversity effects of RF-AAA. First, we show the design methodology of the combiner circuit to realize the effective combining. Second, the perturbation method and the steepest gradient...

this study attempts to examine the multilingualism in algeria, in other words, the phenomenon of linguistic diversity which characterizes the algerian reality and its relationship. for that matter the article visualizes the linguistic level of learners especially children, highlighting the characteristics of the multiplicity of its causes and manifestations. here, the descriptive methodology is...

Currently there are a number of proposals to extend third generation wireless systems to handle asymmetrical, packet– oriented services requiring high downlink capacities. One such scheme is the high speed downlink packet access (HSDPA) developed within 3GPP WCDMA standardization. This paper studies the performance of multiuser diversity introduced by a certain HSDPA scheduler together with dif...

The Web and Grid services frameworks provide a promising infrastructure for cross-organizational use of online services. The use of services in large-scale and cross-organizational environments requires the negotiation of agreements that define these services. Buying at a fine granularity just when a need arises is only feasible if the costs of establishing new agreements are low. Today, negoti...

A polychotomizer which assigns the input to one of K; K 3, is constructed using a set of dichotomizers which assign the input to one of two classes. We propose techniques to construct a set of linear dichotomizers whose combined decision forms a nonlinear polychotomizer, to extract structure from data. One way is using error-correcting output codes (ECOC). We propose to incorporate soft weight ...