This article analyses the push and pull factors that bring visitors to the Iranian national parks. The study used a structured questionnaire to collect data on these factors and the socio-demographic profile of the visitors. Survey conducted in Boujagh National Park, an area of 3177 hectares located in the north of the Iran, produced 400 questionnaires. The factor analysis identified four push ...

this article analyses the push and pull factors that bring visitors to the iranian national parks. the study used a structured questionnaire to collect data on these factors and the socio-demographic profile of the visitors. survey conducted in boujagh national park, an area of 3177 hectares located in the north of the iran, produced 400 questionnaires. the factor analysis identified four push ...

This paper investigates performance limitations imposed by 'non-minimum phase' characteristics of a nonlinear time-varying plant. A performance criterion is defined which, in the linear case, is analogous to minimizing the sensitivity over a given frequency band. It is shown that if the nonlinear plant is 'non-minimum phase', then the frequency-weighted sensitivity cannot be made arbitrarily sm...

endurance time (et) method is a relatively new performance-based earthquake method for structural evaluation and design. in this method, the structure is subjected to a gradually intensifying accelorogram(s) and its performance is assessed based on the maximum time duration that it can meet the specified performance objectives. using moment-resisting and braced frames which are rehabilitated by...

Bridges, as an essential part of transportation system, play a special role in economy, politic and military all around the world. Serviceability of bridges is of high importance especially in emergencies, helping injured people and proportioning transportation after earthquakes. Earthquake regulation codes, normally suggest linear methods to conduct the analysis, and nonlinear analysis is bare...

Due to their potential applications for optical communications, data storage, and electrooptical signal processing, molecules with nonlinear optical (NLO) properties have been extensively investigated.’ As part of our interest in porphyrins and metalloporphyrins as photoresponsive2 and field-responsive material^,^ we have synthesized a series of “push-pull” porphyrins containing both donor and ...

Capacity curves obtained from nonlinear static analyses are widely used to perform seismic assessments of structures as an alternative dynamic analysis. This paper presents a novel ‘en masse’ method assess the vulnerability urban areas swiftly and with accuracy mechanical methods. At core this methodology is calculation capacity low-rise reinforced concrete buildings using neural networks, wher...

Recent investigations have shown that the influences of Soil-Structure Interaction (SSI) may be detrimental to the seismic response of structure, and hence neglecting this phenomenon in analysis and design may lead to an un-conservative design. The objective of this paper is to quantify the effects of nonlinear soil-structure interaction on the seismic response of a low-rise special moment fram...

This paper investigates the behaviour of C-shaped and L-shaped angle shear connectors embedded in solid concrete slabs. An effective finite element model is proposed to simulate the push out tests of these shear connectors that encompass nonlinear material behaviour, large displacement and damage plasticity. The finite element models are validated against test results. Parametric studies using ...