limited worldwide availability of these therapies, added expense, lessened patient acceptability, and uncertainty of patient compliance with these therapies and regimens mitigate against their widespread use. In addition, a programme introducing widespread therapy for BV in populations with high BV prevalence, as found in Africa, would need to monitor antimicrobial resistance not only of the or...

the results of this study and the knowledge gained from more than a decade of randomized trials of non-oxynol-9 as a vaginal microbicide, it is time to move on. Women at risk for STIs such as chlamydia and gonorrhea are often also at risk for HIV-1. In practical terms, a vaginal microbicide must have no risk of increasing HIV-1 incidence before it can be introduced as a microbicide for other ST...

The suitability of micellar electrokinetic chromatography for the simultaneous trace determination of several compounds (sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim, sulfanilic acid, sulfanilamide, 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoic acid and nonoxynol-9) was assessed. The mixture was separated within 14min at an applied voltage of 22kV by using 30mM phosphate electrolyte, containing 10mM SDS, adjusted to pH 7.8. Under...

In recent years, there is a development of vaginal contraceptives incorporating potent spermicides. Many compounds with different pharmacological activity have been evaluated in vitro for their spermicidal activity. Drugs such as surfaceactive agents (synthetic and natural), ionophores, antiliquefying agents, antimicrobial agents and miscellaneous agents such as gossypol, Azadirachta indica, va...

Objective: There is an urgent need for safe, effective and acceptable vaginal barrier methods for the prevention of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), including HIV. A variety of existing spermicides have the potential to be used both for prevention of STDs and unwanted pregnancy. Unfortunately, very little is known about formulation preferences and the desirable characteristics of vaginal p...