Abstract As one of the most important mechanical parameters magnetorheological fluids (MRF), normal force has been studied by a large number researchers using various experimental equipment and methods. However, it is difficult to reveal effects particle microstructure characteristics on MRF methods, especially for such factor as size distribution. To advance this research area, numerical metho...

We investigated the normal and parallel ground reaction forces during downhill and uphill running. Our rationale was that these force data would aid in the understanding of hill running injuries and energetics. Based on a simple spring-mass model, we hypothesized that the normal force peaks, both impact and active, would increase during downhill running and decrease during uphill running. We an...

background: with respect to physical relations in force and pressure, we hypothesized that the prevalence of traumatic tympanic membrane perforation in patients with a patulous eustachian tube is greater than normal, because in eustachian tube patency, the internal air pressure of the middle ear will not increase after compression, subsequent to trauma. therefore the force upon the tympanic mem...