Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) is an inducible defense response that protects plants against a broad spectrum of pathogens. A central regulator of SAR in Arabidopsis is NPR1 (nonexpresser of pathogenesis-related genes). In rice, overexpression of Arabidopsis NPR1 enhances plant resistance to the bacterial pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. This report demonstrates that overexpression o...

Plants have the ability to acquire an enhanced level of resistance to pathogen attack after being exposed to specific biotic stimuli. In Arabidopsis, nonpathogenic, root-colonizing Pseudomonas fluorescens bacteria trigger an induced systemic resistance (ISR) response against infection by the bacterial leaf pathogen P. syringae pv tomato. In contrast to classic, pathogen-induced systemic acquire...

This study investigated the fitness effects of four mutations (npr1, cpr1, cpr5, and cpr6) and two transgenic genotypes (NPR1-L and NPR1-H) affecting different points of the systemic acquired resistance (SAR) signaling pathway associated with pathogen defense in Arabidopsis thaliana. The npr1 mutation, which resulted in a failure to express SAR, had no effect on fitness under growth chamber con...

Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) is a plant immune response induced after a local infection by necrotizing pathogens. The Arabidopsis NPR1 gene is a positive regulator of SAR, essential for transducing the SAR signal salicylic acid (SA). Mutations in the NPR1 gene abolish the SA-induced expression of pathogenesis-related (PR) genes and resistance to pathogens. To identify additional regulator...

The Arabidopsis NPR1 gene is essential in activating systemic, inducible plant defense responses. To gain a better understanding of NPR1 function, we conducted a yeast two-hybrid screening procedure and identified a differential interaction between NPR1 and all known members of the Arabidopsis TGA family of basic leucine zipper transcription factors. In the electrophoretic mobility shift assay,...

NON-EXPRESSOR OF PATHOGENESIS-RELATED GENES1 (NPR1) is the central regulator of the pathogen defense reaction systemic acquired resistance (SAR). NPR1 acts by sensing the SAR signal molecule salicylic acid (SA) to induce expression of PATHOGENESIS-RELATED (PR) genes. Mechanistically, NPR1 is the core of a transcription complex interacting with TGA transcription factors and NIM1-INTERACTING (NIM...

The Saccharomyces cerevisiae targets of rapamycin, TOR1 and TOR2, signal activation of cell growth in response to nutrient availability. Loss of TOR or rapamycin treatment causes yeast cells to arrest growth in early G1 and to express several other physiological properties of starved (G0) cells. As part of this starvation response, high affinity amino acid permeases such as the tryptophan perme...

The Arabidopsis thaliana NONEXPRESSER OF PR GENES1 (NPR1, also known as NIM1) protein is an essential positive regulator of salicylic acid (SA)-induced PATHOGENESIS-RELATED (PR) gene expression and systemic acquired resistance (SAR). PR gene activity is regulated at the level of redox-dependent nuclear transport of NPR1. NPR1 interacts with members of the TGA family of transcription factors tha...

The activity of the atrial natriuretic peptide receptor (Npr1) is altered in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) in relation to its mRNA levels, suggesting abnormal transcriptional control in hypertension. A single-stranded conformational polymorphism caused by a repetitive dinucleotide segment of 10 TA in BN-Lx and of 40 TA in SHR was localized at position -943 relative to the transcription ...

ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide) exerts its biological effects by binding to GC (guanylate cyclase)-A/NPR (natriuretic peptide receptor)-A, which generates the second messenger cGMP. The molecular mechanism mediating Npr1 (coding for GC-A/NPRA) gene regulation and expression is not well understood. The objective of the present study was to elucidate the mechanism by which Ets-1 [Ets (E twenty-s...