The M genome segment of Bunyamwera virus (BUNV)-the prototype of both the Bunyaviridae family and the Orthobunyavirus genus-encodes the glycoprotein precursor (GPC) that is proteolytically cleaved to yield two viral structural glycoproteins, Gn and Gc, and a nonstructural protein, NSm. The cleavage mechanism of orthobunyavirus GPCs and the host proteases involved have not been clarified. In thi...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the oncologic safety of nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM) for breast cancer patients based on current literature. DATA SOURCES A comprehensive literature search of Medline, Embase databases was conducted for studies published through March 2014. STUDY SELECTION Our search criteria included English-language studies that focused on NSM at nipple-areola complex (NAC) involv...

The movement protein NSm of Tomato spotted wilt tospovirus (TSWV) plays pivotal roles in viral intercellular trafficking. Recently, the TSWV NSm was also identified as an avirulence (Avr) determinant during the Sw-5b-mediated hypersensitive response (HR). However, whether the cell-to-cell movement of NSm is coupled to its function in HR induction remains obscure. Here, we showed that the NSm mu...

Nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM) is the latest advancement in the treatment of breast cancer, which permits complete preservation of the nipple-areola complex (NAC). Recent studies suggest similar recurrence rates with NSM compared with traditional mastectomy techniques.1–6 Moreover, NSM has been demonstrated in multiple studies to be a safe and effective procedure from a reconstructive perspect...

Specification of the non-skeletogenic mesoderm (NSM) in sea urchin embryos depends on Delta signaling. Signal reception leads to expression of regulatory genes that later contribute to the aboral NSM regulatory state. In oral NSM, this is replaced by a distinct oral regulatory state in consequence of Nodal signaling. Through regulome wide analysis we identify the homeobox gene not as an immedia...

Reinforced concrete structures consists of two main components and the behavior of these structures influenced by gender and material properties, in order to investigate the behavior of concrete reinforced beam that most important flexural element in reinforced concrete structures, we chosen High Strength Concrete (HSC) for concrete and GFRP and steel bars for reinforcement. For compare the new...

BACKGROUND Rift Valley fever virus is an arthropod-borne human and animal pathogen responsible for large outbreaks of acute and febrile illness throughout Africa and the Arabian Peninsula. Reverse genetics technology has been used to develop deletion mutants of the virus that lack the NSs and/or NSm virulence genes and have been shown to be stable, immunogenic and protective against Rift Valley...

The use of Glass Fibre Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) bars is considered an alternative option in reinforcing concrete structures instead of conventional steel bars especially in harsh severe environments, due to their mechanical properties and physical characteristics. GFRP bars offer many advantages over steel counterparts such as corrosion resistance, high tensile strength, low weight and electro...

This study investigates the impact of accelerated aging conditions on the long-term flexural behavior and ductility of reinforced concrete (RC) members with glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) bars (RC-GFRP specimen) and steel bars (RC-steel specimen). A total of thirty six specimens were designed with different amounts of reinforcement with three types of reinforcing bars (i.e., helically wr...