Data on instrumentation and methodological support of radioactive release monitoring are summarized. Flow charts continuous periodical (analytical) gas described. Methods used at the Mayak PA for air medium activity in process ducts, room active ventilation systems sources

FOREWORD As any industry, nuclear industry generates a diverse range of waste which has to be managed in a safe manner to be acceptable to the public and the environment. The cost of waste management, the risks to the public and employees, and the detriment to the environment are dependent on the quantity and radioactive content of the waste generated. Waste minimization is a necessary activity...

The Sodium-cooled fast reactor (SFR) features a closed fuel cycle for efficient conversion of fertile uranium and management of minor actinides. A full actinide-recycle fuel cycle is envisioned with two major options: One involves intermediatesized (150 to 500 MWe) sodium-cooled fast reactors with uranium-plutonium-minor-actinidezirconium metal alloy fuel, supported by a fuel cycle based on pyr...

A new detection technique, originally thought for the detection of explosives in cargo containers, is presented in this paper for the particular application of isotopic detection of nuclear materials in a Nuclear Energy System (NES). This technique is called Nuclear Resonance Fluorescence (NRF) and the reference fuel scheme to which it is applied is the Sodium Fast Reactor (SFR). The objective ...

The first step in investigation of thorium fuel is evaluation of the results obtained from the spectral code for this type of fuel. The benchmark summarized by IAEA in 2003 was used for partial validation of the code HELIOS 1.9. The benchmark was focused on a comparison of the methods and basic nuclear data. Acceptable results of benchmark comparison allowed examining and comparing different ad...

Introduction Tritium (3H) in the natural environment is derived from natural or anthropogenic sources and can be used to estimate human radiation exposure around nuclear fuel reprocessing facilities. Elevated concentrations of 3H in the environment are generally associated with its production at nuclear facilities and exposure of local populations can be a public concern. The concentration of c...

In the safeguards agreements between non-nuclear-weaponstate members of the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty and the International Atomic Energy Agency, there is a possibility for non-nuclear weapon states, acting with the approval of the agency’s board of governors, to remove from safeguards nuclear materials to be used in non-proscribed military activities such as naval nuclear propulsion. Thi...