One of the modern paradigms to develop an application is object oriented analysis and design. In this paradigm, there are several objects and each object plays some specific roles in applications. In an application, we must distinguish between procedural semantics and declarative semantics for their implementation in a specific programming language. For the procedural semantics, we can write a ...

According to chapter 3 of Abelson & Sussman [1], there are two fundamentally different ways to organise large systems: according to the objects that live in the system, or according to the streams of values that flow through the system. Even though the notions of “object” and “stream” have meanwhile taken many incarnations, the dichotomy still exists in modern programming languages. Marrying re...

software metrics is a necessaly step for sofhvare reliability and quality and so f ia re metrics technique of trtrditional procedure-oriented programming is fairly maturity and has various methodologies and tools available for use. Recently. object-oriented programming became popular. However, traditional procedure-oriented software metrics are not appropriate for the development of an object-o...