Introduction: Since the discovery of ice in cold, permanently shadowed polar craters on Mercury[1], debate has reopened over the presence of ice in similar environments on the Moon. Though the Moon has similar shadowed craters currently, this has not always been the case. Here we examine a 4.5 billion year history of insolation in the lunar polar environment and the resulting surface and subsur...

Using a special gait re-education programme, combining methods in physiotherapy with a psychological therapeutic approach to integrate the prosthesis with normal movements and to increase body awareness, the authors studied unilateral trans-femoral amputees aged 16-60 years with trauma or tumour as causes. In their service area they found 16 such current prosthetic users with at least 2 years o...

The synchrotron radio maps of supernova remnants (SNRs) in uniform interstellar medium and interstellar magnetic field (ISMF) are analysed, allowing different ‘sensitivity’ of injection efficiency to the shock obliquity. The very-high energy γ-ray maps due to inverse Compton process are also synthesized. The properties of images in these different wavelength bands are compared, with particulr e...

A general circulation model of the Martian Atmosphere is coupled with a 3-dimensional polythermal ice-sheet model of the polar ice caps. With this combination a series of experiments is carried out to investigate the impact of long-term obliquity change on the Martian north polar ice cap (NPC). The behaviour of the NPC is tested under obliquities of y 1⁄4 15 , 25 and 35 . With increasing obliqu...

The six-degree obliquity of the Sun suggests that either an asymmetry was present in the solar system’s formation environment, or an external torque has misaligned the angular momentum vectors of the Sun and the planets. However, the exact origin of this obliquity remains an open question. Batygin & Brown have recently shown that the physical alignment of distant Kuiper Belt orbits can be expla...

The oblique magnetic rotator is a satisfactory model describing the general properties of the magnetic Ap stars. The inferred rotation periods are almost always considerably longer than those of the normal A stars. The loss of angular momentum is plausibly the result of magnetic coupling with external gas during some epoch in the star’s life. The same Maxwell stresses that brake the stellar rot...

The Robotic Gait Rehabilitation (RGR) Trainer targets secondary gait deviations in stroke survivors undergoing rehabilitation. Using an impedance control strategy and a linear electromagnetic actuator, the device generates a force field to control pelvic obliquity through a Human-Machine Interface (i.e. a lower body exoskeleton). Herein we describe the design of the RGR Trainer Human-Machine In...

The direction of the obliquity of the cut for performing single-cut osteotomy to correct combined angular and rotational deformities is difficult to determine. The appropriate obliquity, i.e. whether clockwise or anticlockwise in relation to the perpendicular to the bone axis, is usually determined through trials using plastic bone models to imitate the deformity, or on bananas, on which differ...

We present a comprehensive theoretical study on the spin evolution of planet under combined effects tidal dissipation and gravitational perturbation from an external companion. Such "spin + companion" system (called Colombo's top) appears in many [exo]planetary contexts. The competition between torque (which drives spin-orbit alignment synchronization) companion orbital precession planet) gives...