Dry eye is one of the most common ocular conditions in the world with prevalence of over 10 million in the United States alone [1]. It can result in severe ocular symptoms and visual disability. The primary treatment for dry eyes is instillation of artificial tears over the course of the day [2]. The role of artificial tears is to either replace or augment the native tear film, with the goal of...

Background and objective Aside from direct toxic effects, Sulfur Mustard (SM) induced serum hormone abnormalities may aggravate ocular complaints, including Ocular Surface Discomfort (OSD) (burning, itching, and redness), dry eye sensation, photophobia, blurred vision, foreign body sensation, and pain. The aim of the current study was to investigate the possible associ...

The article analyzes the effectiveness of an integrated approach to treatment meibomian gland dysfunction, preparation eyelids using copyright mechanical eye massager evacuate secretion glands. As a result, we get improvement in condition and ocular surface due restoration lipid layer tear film, increase protective properties film number normally functioning

Dry eye disease is a devastating and multifactorial disorder of the tear-film layer and ocular surface. Multiple symptoms include multiple eye irritation, and visual disturbances, and signs have tear-film instability, along with the potential for injuring the ocular surface. Accumulating evidence indicates that dry eye disease is accompanied by hyperosmolarity of the tear film and inflammation ...

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate tear osmolarity, tear film function, and ocular surface changes in patients with psoriasis. Methods: At a single center, 30 eyes of 30 patients with psoriasis (group 1) and 30 eyes of 30 healthy individuals (group 2) were evaluated using the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire, Schirmer I test, tear film break-up time (TBUT) test, s...

Components of the ocular surface synergistically contribute to maintaining and protecting a smooth refractive layer to facilitate the optimal transmission of light. At the air-water interface, the tear film lipid layer (TFLL), a mixture of lipids and proteins, plays a key role in tear surface tension and is important for the physiological hydration of the ocular surface and for ocular homeostas...

The understanding of dry eye disease has advanced recently through increasing recognition that the etiology of the condition involves both tear evaporation and insufficient tear production, and that tear film instability and inflammation play roles in the various stages of the disease. Of significance, it has been recognized that lipid layer thickness correlates with tear film stability. The ma...

The ocular surface, which is among the most accessible and vulnerable tissues in mammals, is protected by a complex tear film composed of lipid, aqueous and mucin layers. In spite of its importance, the molecular nature of the mucin contribution remains uncertain. Since membrane mucins have been implicated in the protection of other epithelia, we have analysed rat corneal and conjunctival tissu...

Ocular surface is a complex functional unit in which tissues so different as structure and function harmonize to produce a very short life (15-45 sec) film - tear film essential for the quality of the vision. With age, the ocular surface undergoes a physiological decline, often with a limitation of its functionality. Administration of topical glaucoma treatment itself constitutes a solicitation...

We compared the relative value of the tear film breakup time, Schirmer test, lactoferrin immunologic assay and rose bengal staining in 156 patients with varying severity of symptoms characteristic of keratoconjunctivitis sicca and in 39 controls. Statistical analysis showed that in patients with minimal ocular irritation the Schirmer test in combination with the lactoferrin immunologic assay pr...