BACKGROUND To investigate the clinical relevance of two different preservative formulations, we compared 1-year incidence rates of additional coding of dry eye, ocular infection, or ocular surface disease (either dry eye or ocular infection) in open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension patients newly treated with latanoprost with benzalkonium chloride (BAK) or with travoprost-Z with SofZia®. ...

Trachoma, the world's leading cause of preventable blindness, is produced by chronic ocular infection with Chlamydia trachomatis, an obligate intracellular bacterium. While many studies have focused on immune mechanisms for trachoma during chronic stages of infection, less research has targeted immune mechanisms in primary ocular infections, events that could impact chronic responses. The goal ...

purpose: to explore any association between human papilloma virus (hpv) infection and ocular surface squamous neoplasia. methods: forty pathological specimens including 20 cases of conjunctival intra-epithelial neoplasia grade i (cin i) and 20 cases of cin iii and invasive squamous cell carcinoma (scc) together with 20 pterygium samples (controls) were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (pcr...

purpose: to determine the prevalence of ocular involvement in patients with tuberculosis (tb) infection. methods: all patients with a new diagnosis of tb who were referred to zahedan tuberculosis center underwent a complete ophthalmic examination. any cases of known ophthalmic disease or previous ocular involvement were excluded from the study. prevalence of ocular involvement with 95% confiden...

Toxoplasmosis is a worldwide zoonosis that generally produces an asymptomatic infection. In some cases, however, toxoplasmosis infection can lead to ocular damage. The immune system has a crucial role in both the course of the infection and in the evolution of toxoplasmosis disease. In particular, IFN-gamma plays an important role in resistance to toxoplasmosis. Polymorphisms in genes encoding ...

A previous report demonstrated that male guinea-pigs could be infected in the urethra with guinea-pig inclusion conjunctivitis (GPIC) agent and that the infection was transmitted during mating from infected males to females. In the experiments reported here, inoculation of male guinea-pigs in the urethra with GPIC organisms resulted in infection which subsided spontaneously in about 2 weeks. Ma...

Genetic factors determining the pathogenesis and course of ocular toxoplasmosis are poorly understood. In this study, we explored the development of experimental ocular pathogenesis in genetically dissimilar mice infected with either the RH strain, the PLK strain, or the immunodominant surface antigen 1 (SAG1 [P30])-deficient mutant of the RH strain of Toxoplasma gondii. At 11 days postinfectio...

We tested all samples from patients with ocular toxoplasmosis sent to the Palo Alto Medical Foundation Toxoplasma Reference Laboratory from June 2004 through August 2010 for serologic evidence of recent Toxoplasma gondii infection. Of 205 patients aged 10-96 years, 11.7% had recent infection. Many people develop ocular disease soon after T. gondii infection.

globally, there were an estimated 33.2 million (estimate range, 30.6–36.1 million) people living with hiv infection or aids in 2007, an increase from 29.5 million in 2001.1 this retrovirus infections, unknown up to 30 years ago has already caused nearly 25 million deaths.   the annual incidence of new hiv infections declined from an estimated 3.0 million in 2001 to an estimated 2.7 million (est...