Although the expansion of offshore wind has recently increased in Germany, as in other countries, it is still forced to defend its role in long-term energy policy plans, particularly against its onshore counterpart, to secure future expansion targets and financial support. The objective of this article is to investigate the economic effects of offshore wind on the electricity spot market and th...

Preface This final report for IEA Wind Task 23, Offshore Wind Energy Technology and Deployment, is made up of two separate reports, Subtask 1: Experience with Critical Deployment Issues and Subtask 2: Offshore Code Comparison Collaborative (OC3). Subtask 1 discusses ecological issues and regulation, electrical system integration, external conditions, and key conclusions for Subtask 1. Subtask 2...

The use of wind energy for electricity generation is growing rapidly across the world and in Portugal. However, the geographical characteristics of the country along with the average wind regime and with the environmental restrictions imposed to these projects create limitations to the exploit of the onshore wind resource. The best onshore wind spots are already committed and the possibility of...

Tailoring the dynamics of an offshore wind energy converter can offer an effective design optimisation during the successive stages of the design process. Concerning the particular problem of fatigue due to combined wind and wave loading two simplified approaches are proposed and demonstrated which are well suited for the early design stages when integrated, non-linear time domain simulations a...

Offshore wind energy is being developed on a very large scale in the European seas. The objective of developing wind energy offshore is to capture greater wind speeds than are encountered onshore and as a result more energy. With this also come more challenges in the design of wind turbines due to the hostile offshore environment. Currently the standards for offshore wind turbines prescribe a s...

This paper presents an overview of the main issues associated with the economics of offshore wind. Investment in offshore wind systems has been growing rapidly throughout Europe, and the technology will be essential in meeting EU targets for renewable energy in 2020. Offshore wind suffers from high installation and connection costs, however, making government support essential. We review variou...

The IEA Wind Task 30 OC4 (Offshore Code Comparison Collaboration Continuation) project was a continuation of the OC3 project of IEA Wind Task 23 Subtask 2, and was initiated due to the strong interest in continuing the work of OC3. The purpose of the project was to perform a benchmarking exercise of offshore wind turbine dynamics codes. OC4 consisted of two phases that were not considered in OC...

Offshore wind turbine blades suffer from various faults such as blade angle asymmetry, icing, and bends. Replacement of rotor blades normally involves heavy transportation (e.g., vessel and crane), and dependency on weather conditions. As a result, wind turbines come to a long standstill and costs on energy production increase. One approach to reducing the downtime and costs is to apply a prope...

Wind is the fastest growing renewable energy source, increasing at an annual rate of 25% with a worldwide installed capacity of 74 GW in 2007. The vast majority of wind power is generated from onshore wind farms. Their growth is however limited by the lack of inexpensive land near major population centers and the visual pollution caused by large wind turbines. Wind energy generated from offshor...

Offshore wind turbine is now being seriously considered as a crucial energy source to achieve not only CO2 reduction, but also to meet the enormous power shortages that occur in India and around the world. Nevertheless offshore wind energy is not competitive as on today with other sources of energy. There are combination of some select technologies which could bring about improvement in offshor...