The one-way function tree (OFT) scheme proposed by Balenson et. al is widely regarded as an efficient key management solution for multicast communication in large dynamic groups. Following Horng’s claim that the original OFT scheme was vulnerable to a collusion attack, Ku et. al studied the collusion attack on OFT and proposed a solution to prevent the attack. The solution, however, requires to...

The one-way function tree (OFT) scheme proposed by Balenson et. al is widely regarded as an efficient key management solution for multicast communication in large dynamic groups. Following Horng’s claim that the original OFT scheme was vulnerable to a collusion attack, Ku et. al studied the collusion attack on OFT and proposed a solution to prevent the attack. The solution, however, requires to...

The Postn gene encodes protein periostin. During embryonic development, it is highly expressed in the outflow tract (OFT) endocardial cushions of the developing heart, which give rise to several structures of the mature heart including the aortic valve. Periostin was previously implicated in osteoblast differentiation, cancer metastasis, and tooth and bone development, but its role in cardiac O...

The Bmp4 signaling molecule is expressed in ventral splanchnic and branchial-arch mesoderm and outflow-tract (OFT) myocardium, suggesting a role for Bmp4 in OFT development. Inactivation of Bmp4 in the caudal branchial arch and splanchnic mesoderm and OFT myocardium by using a conditional null allele of Bmp4 and the Nkx2.5cre recombinase allele resulted in abnormal morphogenesis of branchial-ar...

One percent of infants are born with congenital heart disease (CHD), which commonly involves outflow tract (OFT) defects. These infants often require complex surgeries, which are associated with long term adverse remodeling effects, and receive replacement valves with limited strength, biocompatibility, and growth capability. To address these problematic issues, researchers have carried out inv...

Congenital heart defects frequently involve a failure of outflow tract (OFT) formation during development. We analyzed the remodeling of the OFT, using the y96-Myf5-nlacZ-16 transgene, which marks a subpopulation of myocardial cells of the pulmonary trunk. Expression analyses of reporter transcript and protein suggest that the myocardial wall of the OFT rotates before and during the formation o...