There are three major multigene superfamilies of olfactory receptors (OR, V1R, and V2R) in mammals. The ORs are expressed in the main olfactory organ, whereas the V1Rs and V2Rs are located in the vomeronasal organ. Fish only possess one olfactory organ in each nasal cavity, the olfactory rosette; therefore, it has been proposed that their V2R-like genes be classified as olfactory C family G pro...

Peripheral waves (PWs) in the channel catfish are odorant-induced neural oscillations of synchronized populations of olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) that appear after the initial approximately 500 msec of the response. The mean dominant frequency during the initial 2 sec of PW activity is approximately 28 Hz, declining to approximately 20 Hz in the last sec of a 5 sec stimulus. Recordings of ...

Differential maturation of three types of olfactory organs, the olfactory epithelium (OE), the vomeronasal organ (VNO) and the septal olfactory organ of Masera (MO), was examined immunohistochemically in embryonic and newborn rats by the use of antiprotein gene product 9.5 (PGP 9.5) serum. These olfactory organs were derived in common from the olfactory placode as neuroepithelia. In the OE, PGP...

A well-differentiated olfactory neuroepithelioma was found protruding from the left olfactory fossa of a 6-year-old domestic multicolored carp, Cyprinus carpio. Following diagnostic biopsy the neoplasm continued to grow. At necropsy, the tumor was found to extend beyond the olfactory chamber into the intracranial portion of the olfactory bulb, but no distant metastases could be detected. Histol...

The olfactory organ of Oreochromis nilotica was studied by means of light and scanning electron microscopes. The oval shaped olfactory apparatus consists of 19-20 lamellae radiating from a central raphe. The receptor epithelium occupies the restricted area of the middle swollen region of the lamellae and is framed with receptor cells (both ciliated and microvillous) and rod cells. The larger pa...

The vomeronasal organ (VNO) is a chemoreceptor organ enclosed in a cartilaginous capsule and separated from the main olfactory epithelium. The vomeronasal neurons have two distinct types of receptor that differ from each other and from the large family of odorant receptors. The VNO receptors are seven-transmembrane receptors coupled to GTP-binding protein, but appear to activate inositol 1,4,5-...

medically and veterinary importance of ticks of the genus of hyalomma through transmission of related diseases is very obvious. the identification and taxonomy of species of this genus always have been controversial. sometimes accuracy of morphological diagnosis of two closely related species hyalomma anatolicum and hyalomma asiaticum which are reported in fauna of iran, is very difficult. the ...

Small-brained rodents have been the principle focus for pheromonal research and have provided comprehensive insights into the chemosensory mechanisms that underpin pheromonal communication and the hugely important roles that pheromones play in behavioural regulation. However, pheromonal communication does not start or end with the mouse and the rat, and work in amphibians reveals much about the...

The cloning of a Pax6 orthologue from the sepiolid squid Euprymna scolopes and its developmental expression pattern are described. The data are consistent with the presence of a single gene encoding a protein with highly conserved DNA-binding paired and homeodomains. A detailed expression analysis by in situ hybridization and immunodetection revealed Pax6 mRNA and protein with predominantly nuc...