background: although studies have shown that porcelain veneers are very effi cient for treating discolored teeth, they did not address in particular the minimum thickness of a multilayer ips e.max press (ivoclarvivadent, schaan, liechtenstein) restoration required to mask discolored tooth. the aim of this study was to determine the minimum thickness of a multilayer porcelain restoration require...

PERFORATING keratoplasty is found to be most successful in cases of small central corneal nebulae and keratoconus. In both these conditions the graft lies completely surrounded by healthy cornea. Where there is gross opacification extending widely throughout the thickness of the cornea and especially if degenerative changes are present, then a simple perforating graft rapidly becomes completely...

A comprehensive approach for modelling dependent radiative heat transfer in beds of large (geometric range) spherical particles is presented. Such a system of large spheres lies in the dependent range even for large porosities. We show that the dependent properties for a bed of opaque spheres can be obtained from their independent properties by scaling the optical thickness while leaving the al...

A new nondestructive technique, confocal scanning laser microscopy (CSLM), is described which is used to characterize the topography and morphology of polymer coatings. The topography of the coating can be determined even when the coating is completely opaque. When the coating is not completely opaque, CSLM has the distinct advantage of also being able to distinguish between the coating surface...

PURPOSE We evaluated the in vivo functionality of a corneal endothelium tissue-engineered using corneal endothelial cells from human patients with Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD). METHODS A total of 15 healthy cats underwent full-thickness corneal transplantation. All transplants were of xenogeneic human origin and all grafts but two were tissue-engineered. In seven animals the gra...

In lungs from 18 children aged between birth and 11 years the development of the branching pattern and structure of the pulmonary arteries, particularly the intralobular and intra-acinar, has been quantitatively analysed after injection with a radio-opaque medium. Up to 18 months of age as new alveolar ducts appear conventional arterial branches develop within the acinus: supernumerary arteries...