background and purpose: the internet offers a wide range of online digital resources for the field of toxicology. methods: the history of toxicology and electronic data collections are reviewed. this review presents a brief and non-comprehensive overview of a representative sampling of some of the broad array of toxicology-related learning, tutorial and information resources now becoming widely...

Medical toxicology is somehow a neglected field of medicine. Support for this discipline is necessary as there are many competing interests within a nation's public health priorities (1). In the previous issue of the Asia Pacific Journal of Medical Toxicology, the essentials of the empowerment of medical toxicology in the Asia Pacific region have been discussed (2). Perhaps, there is now an urg...

BACKGROUND Serious health problems and socioeconomic consequences of the illicit use of opiates have been proved in both developed and developing societies. OBJECTIVES We aimed to evaluate" The effects of opiate addiction through different administration routes on pulmonary inflammation and its severity." MATERIALS AND METHODS Our experiments were performed on eighteen adult male Syrian gol...

The aim of the present study was to find out the influence of psychopathology on abstinence from opiate addiction. A group of 54 opiate addicts with psychopathology was compared with another group of 55 opiate addicts without psychopathology. Both the groups were detoxified and followed up for a period of 12 months.Common psychopathology in opiate addicts consisted of psychopathic personality d...

An analog of human beta-endorphine with omission of four residues at positions 11, 14, 20, and 22 has been synthesized. This analog and other synthetic analogs with deletion of a single amino acid at position 2, 5, 6, 10, 11, 12, 13, 15, or 22 have been assayed for analgesic potency, ileal opiate activity,opiate receptor-binding activity, andimmunoreactivity. Results show that deletion of a sin...

This report describes effective prolonged opiate blockade by subcutaneous depotnaltrexone (d-NTX) preparation. The d-NTX is a 1000 mg pellet inserted at opiate detoxification. The assay of effective opiate blockade was direct opiate challenge. Fifteen challenges were performed. Opiate challenges occurred from 21 to 70 days after d-NTX implantation (mean 40.9 days). All patients were refractory ...

The negative affective symptoms of opiate withdrawal powerfully motivate drug-seeking behavior and may trigger relapse to heroin abuse. To date, no medications exist that effectively relieve the negative affective symptoms of opiate withdrawal. The corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) system has been hypothesized to mediate the motivational effects of drug dependence. The CRF signal is transmit...

Much research has focused on the opiate properties of dynorphin, especially toward differentiating its binding to various receptor sub-populations. The effects of dynorphin in vitro have clearly documented its opiate binding potential. However, central administration of dynorphin produces behavioral and electrophysiological effects unlike those of classical ~t-, Kor 8-receptor agonists. In fact...

Opiate alkaloid and opioid peptide actions on spontaneous neuronal activity and postsynaptic amino acid responsiveness were assessed using intracellular recording techniques applied to murine spinal cord neurons in primary dissociated cell culture. Application of opiates was by superfusion and amino acids by iontophoresis. Glycine and GABA but not glutamate responses were antagonized by the opi...