This paper discusses the evolution of optical systems starting from WDM links to Optical Packet Switching Networks via some stages as Switched Optical Networks, Multilayer Networks with either traffic or wavelength grooming, Optical VPNs and Optical Burst Switching. We discuss the advantages and drawbacks of certain approaches since the future developments of optical networking technology might...

Recently, there has been growing interest in developing optical ber networks to support the increasing bandwidth demands of multimedia applications, such as video conferencing and World Wide Web browsing. One technique for accessing the huge bandwidth available in an optical ber is wavelengthdivision multiplexing (WDM). Under WDM, the optical ber bandwidth is divided into a number of non-overla...

The ability of a network to continue functioning even after the occurrence of any failure is very much required in optical networks. As optical networks are capable of transmitting a large amount of data at very high speed, so any failure or breakdown even for small duration can cause significant data and revenue loss. So the survivability of optical networks has become very important issue for...

The most promising approaches for optical neural networks are based on intensity encoding. However, a serious drawback of intensity encoding is the lack of negative values and optical subtraction, which are essential for rendering neural networks useful. To overcome the need for optical subtraction, a novel training method is described here that is especially useful for optical multilayer neura...

Optical networks form the foundation of today’s information infrastructure. Current generation optical networks consist largely of point-to-point electronically transmitted links which switch between nodes and repeaters. There is a trend in optical networking to move from the current generation opaque networks toward transparent networks. Transparent networks use only optical devices, eliminati...

In this proposal, we review the history of message communication and survey the present broadband deployment. We believe networks in 21st centry are optical networks due to fiber’s inherent data carrying capacity. To overcome the mismatching between the electrical processing speed and the optical transmission rate, an all-optical data path needs be maintained. We investigate the design issues o...

1 Introduction In recent years, the increasing popularity of the Internet leads to a rapidly rising demand for network bandwidth. Optical networks offer much higher bandwidth than traditional networks due to huge bandwidth of fiber. The currently attracted technology to use effectively the bandwidth of optical fiber is wavelength division multiplexing WDM. The optical spectrum of is divided int...

Transport networks form the backbone of communication networks by cost-efficiently offering huge bandwidth and by guaranteeing a high service quality and availability. These requirements can best be met by using optical communication technologies. Currently, wavelength-switching is the most prominent network technology employing optical fiber communication and wavelength division multiplexing. ...