Surface electromyographic activity was recorded bilaterally from orbicularis oculi muscles when subjects relaxed and contracted eyelid muscles. Cutaneous reflex responses were evoked during both the relaxed and contraction states. Following reflex elicitation periods of muscle silence in orbicularis oculi were observed for about 10 to 15 ms after the ipsilateral R1 response and for up to 100 ms...

Trigeminal nerve ophthalmic and motor division function was assessed clinically and electrically in 32 patients who had undergone various surgical procedures for trigeminal neuralgia. Using known electrophysiological techniques, the orbicularis oculi and jaw reflexes were tested in all subjects. Abnormalities of the orbicularis oculi reflex were anticipated on the basis of ophthalmic division a...

The orbicularis oculi reflex was studied in 48 comatose patients and the results were correlated with clinical and pathological findings. The late component of the reflex was absent or of minimal amplitude in all cases regardless of the site of lesions, reflecting a diffuse suppression of the reticular system rather than a specific or local block in the brain-stem. Alteration of the early compo...

AIM To determine the stimulation site of both facial and hypoglossal nerves after transcranial magnetic stimulation. METHODS After surgical exposure of the brainstem in 22 patients with intrinsic pontine (n=9) or medullary (n=13) tumors, the facial colliculus and the hypoglossal triangle were electrically stimulated. The EMG responses were recorded with flexible wire electrodes from the orbic...

OBJECTIVE To compare soft tissue and fat volumes in the supraorbital area of healthy patients and patients with thyroid-associated orbitopathy (TAO) using 3-dimensional reconstruction software. METHODS The superiolateral orbital area was delineated on a bony framework. Three-dimensional reconstruction and volumetric calculation of the retro-orbicularis oculi fat (brow fat), galeal fat (includ...

Purpose: The aim of the study was to compare visual estimation of onset of neuromuscular blockade at both the adductor pollicis (AP) and the orbicularis oculi (OO) in children and to determine if monitoring the OO could predict good intubating conditions dunng vecuronium-induced neuromuscular blockade. Methods: Thirty ASA I II children (1,5-9 yr) were studied. Anaesthesia was induced with 6-8 m...

A 32-year-old man presented with atypical left hemifacial spasm (HFS) with MRI showing compression of left facial nerve at the root exit zone. HFS rarely presents atypically with onset in orbicularis oris and later spreading upward to involve the orbicularis oculi as was seen in our case. Atypical presentation of hemifacial spasm is rare and vertebral artery dolichoectasia as the underlying aet...