Aims: To document the long term experience of bone derived hydroxyapatite orbital implants and compare results using scleral wrapped implants with those not using sclera. Methods: This retrospective case series reviewed the long term follow up of 118 patients with 120 eyes which had undergone enucleation and bone derived hydroxyapatite orbital implant insertion at Dunedin Hospital from 1977 unt...

PURPOSE To evaluate complications associated with secondary procedures for orbital implants. METHODS A retrospective review was made of the records of patients who had undergone a secondary orbital implantation at a tertiary referral centre at St Erik Eye Hospital in Stockholm, Sweden, from 1998 up to and including the first half of 2009. Implant-related complications were noted as was demogr...

AIMS To document the long term experience of bone derived hydroxyapatite orbital implants and compare results using scleral wrapped implants with those not using sclera. METHODS This retrospective case series reviewed the long term follow up of 118 patients with 120 eyes which had undergone enucleation and bone derived hydroxyapatite orbital implant insertion at Dunedin Hospital from 1977 unt...

Up to date, zygomatic implants (ZIs) have been considered a predictable treatment modality for cases of atrophic maxilla. In some severe cases with severe vertical and/or horizontal bone resorption in the anterior maxilla, the placement of standard implants in the anterior area represents a challenge. In these arduous scenarios, performance of a zygomatic "quad-approach" might be advocated. Nev...

Dear Editor, The principles of exploration and repair of orbital floor fractures are to restore the anatomical structure of the orbital wall to its original state (as much as possible), functional capabilities of the extraocular muscles and useful binocular single vision. Various materials have been used in the repair of such fractures, including autogenous (cartilage, bone) and alloplastic (e....

In the treatment of orbital floor fractures, bone is ideally regenerated. The materials currently used for orbital floor reconstruction do not lead to the regeneration of bone. Our objective was to render polymeric materials based on poly(trimethylene carbonate) (PTMC) osteoinductive, and to evaluate their suitability for use in orbital floor reconstruction. For this purpose, osteoinductive bip...

Management of posttraumatic enophthalmos can present as a challenge to the reconstructive surgeon, particularly in cases of late presentation. This article reviews the pertinent anatomy of the orbit, diagnostic modalities, indications for surgery, and surgical approaches as they relate to the treatment of posttraumatic enophthalmos. Internal orbital reconstruction has evolved to an elegant proc...

Orbital blowout fractures are common sequelae of facial trauma. For their treatment, it is now possible to make three-dimensional (3D) implants on the basis of computed tomography (CT) images, using rapid prototyping and to bend the implants preoperatively in the desired shape. However, in orbital fracture, the unique anatomy of the orbit makes the process of fitting and aligning such implants ...