limitation of water resources in the earth has turned it as a valuable economic commodity. accordingly, the agricultural sector of which according to studies has the largest wasted water should be managed. therefore, it is advisable to use the application of methods and programming models such as the decision support system along with the abilities of gis in order to management of the water res...

The elaboration of exaggerated, sexually selected weapons and ornaments often comes at a cost to other traits. For instance, by sustaining the growth of an exaggerated weapon during development, shared and limited resources such as morphogens, growth factors, and nutrients may become depleted and limit the size to which other structures can grow. Such interactions are characteristic of resource...

We analyze a model of resource allocation in which agents’ abilities (to transform the resource into an interpersonally comparable outcome) and initial endowments may differ. We impose ethical and operational axioms in this model and characterize some allocation rules as a result of combining these axioms. Two focal (and polar) egalitarian rules are singled out. On the one hand, the rule that a...

Credit allocation through the usage of Portfolio optimization mainly seeks tomaximize return and minimize the risk of the portfolio; but there are other importantissues including sustainable development which is important for government/publicsectors. This paper presents a novel credit allocation approach based on portfoliooptimization and investigates the effects of selected indicators of sust...