In this paper we show that London‟s universities have produced a large number of technology-based spin-offs with distinctive patterns. In particular, we show that the majority of the university-related spin-offs are small and medium-sized (SMEs) and concentrated in biomedical sectors as elsewhere (Shane 2006, Lawton Smith and Ho 2006). A high proportion are high growth or „gazelles‟ (OECD 2008,...

This paper analyses the impact of effective average and marginal tax rates on the size of the capital stock owned by foreign affiliates of US multinational companies. We use data on 20 OECD countries, 1983-1998. A simple two-stage model of location choice, and investment conditional on location, identifies the role of each form of effective tax rate. The results indicate a large and significant...

BACKGROUND Rankings from the World Health Organization (WHO) place the US health care system as one of the least efficient among Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries. Researchers have questioned this, noting simplistic or inappropriate methodologies, poor measurement choice, and poor control variables. Our objective is to re-visit this question by using newer m...

In the last few decades, there has been considerable agreement in academic and practical fields that the total value of an organization is not adequately expressed by traditional accounting tools. The gap between accounting values and market values has resulted in an increase in the interest of Intellectual Capital (IC) (Cordazzo, 2005; Mouritsen et al., 2005; Sveiby, 1997). In this background,...

This paper asks when and why countries over 129 countries chose to establish new independent telecom regulators and over 109 countries privatized incumbent telecom operators during the 1990s. Using a Weibull multivariate hazard model, this paper analyzes the timing of establishing a separate regulator and privatizing the telecom incumbent in 184 countries from 1975-2004. While much of the conve...

Since the inception of the FDA good laboratory practice (GLP) regulations in 1979, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) principles of GLP in 1981 and the finalization of the EPA GLP programme in 1983 there have been recognizable differences among the three compliance programmes. All have been revised since their initial publication, but still there remain difference...

Major oil spills normally occur from oil pipelines and oil tankers that are under operational control of companies, namely, oil companies and tanker owners. There are two generic responses for changing the behavior of companies with regard to oil spill prevention: mandatory government regulation or voluntary initiatives often pursued under the banner of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). He...

e-Commerce is a phenomenon that is arousing avid interest in industrialised countries and, more recently, in the developing world. Is this a passing fancy or just another distribution channel which companies are free to get involved in or not? Or, on the contrary, is it a must if one is to stay in business and prosper? This paper looks at some of the technological issues and challenges related ...

The revolutionary trends in computer software and hardware, especially after the surge in Internet utilization in the mid-1990s, has dramatically altered the way organizations and individuals operate. The importance of internet and its interactions with the economy today have established the need for economists to address this matter. In this study, Internet users as a percentage of population ...

We use results from the literature on the determinants of price-cost margins to derive an equation relating labor's share of national income to the in ‡ation rate (as well as to the output gap, the unemployment rate and the capital stock per worker). The equation is tested with a panel of 15 OECD countries. We obtain a robust positive relationship between in ‡ation and the labor share. Our resu...