INTRODUCTION ........................................................... 208 ORGANELLE GENOME SIZE AND SHAPE ........................................ 208 Size and Shape of Mitochondrial Deoxyribonucleic Acids (DNAs) ...... ............... 209 Size and Shape of Chloroplast DNAs.............................................. 212 GENE ARRANGEMENT IN ORGANELLE DNAs ......... ...........................

Chromosomes exhibit several features indicating that its spatiotemporal dynamics s self-organized. It has been recently suggested that anegative correlationbetween genome size and mean chromosome number would also be a fingerprint of selforganization, related to how human language is organized at the level of words and syllabes. However, the vast dominance of non-coding DNA in eukaryotic genome...

MAP1LC3B, an ortholog of yeast Atg8 and a member of the family of proteins formerly also known as ATG8 in mammals (LC3B henceforth in the text), functions in autophagosome formation and autophagy substrate recruitment. LC3 exists in both a soluble (autophagosome-independent) form as well as a lipid modified form that becomes tightly incorporated into autophagosomal membranes. Although LC3 is kn...

Spatially organized macromolecular complexes are essential for cell and tissue function, but the mechanisms that organize micron-scale structures within cells are not well understood. Microtubule-based structures such as mitotic spindles scale with cell size, but less is known about the scaling of actin structures within cells. Actin-rich denticle precursors cover the ventral surface of the Dro...

This paper aims to describe interrelationships between size of the organization and adoption of information and communication technologies (ICT). We hypothesize that size of the organization is interrelated with ICT usage. By analyzing the data from 68 organizations we have classified to micro, small, medium-sized and large enterprises and calculated composite index of ICT adoption in each orga...

Northern Ireland has traditionally been well served with cross-sectional studies, including episodic surveys of poverty and social exclusion, and of health and social well-being. However, such studies are of limited use in either analysis of life-course transitions or in the separation of cause and effect, both important goals of current research strategies where renewed interest in equity and ...