A few studies have been performed in primate basal ganglia-thalamo-prefrontal pathways. Nevertheless, their electrophysiological properties and anatomical arrangements remain obscure. This study examined them in nigro-thalamo-cortical pathways from the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr) to the frontal cortex (FRC) via the mediodorsal (MD) and ventral anterior (VA) thalamus in monkeys. First...

BACKGROUND Temporalis muscle transfer produces prompt surgical results with a one-stage operation in facial palsy patients. The orthodromic method is surgically simple, and the vector of muscle action is similar to the temporalis muscle action direction. This article describes transferring temporalis muscle insertion to reconstruct incomplete facial nerve palsy patients. METHODS Between Augus...

We determined total right atrial activation sequences during entrainment and termination of flutter induced in dogs with a surgically induced atrial lesion. This type of atrial flutter is due to circus movement of an impulse around the tricuspid valve orifice. We recorded simultaneously from 96 bipolar intracavity electrodes in the right atrium of the isolated, perfused heart. By constructing i...

It is known that the major slowing of nerve conduction in the carpal tunnel syndrome occurs in the palm to wrist segment. A technique exploiting this fact and easily applicable in the routine laboratory would be useful in diagnosing early examples of the condition. To this end, orthodromic sensory potentials from stimulation of digits II and V, and of the palmar branches of the median and ulnar...

The collisions of two simultaneously generated impulses in the giant axons of both earthworms and lobsters propagating in orthodromic and antidromic direction are investigated. The experiments have been performed on the extracted ventral cords of Lumbricus terrestris and the abdominal ventral cord of a lobster, Homarus americanus, by using external stimulation and recording. The collision of tw...

A female patient was admitted to our hospital for catheter ablation arising from paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT). In the laboratory, PSVT (the earliest retrograde atrial activation at the coronary sinus ostium) with intermittent atrioventricular (AV) block could be induced repeatedly. The tachycardia could be terminated during ventricular pacing without retrograde conduction to t...

We studied the processes of inhibition and facilitation in the dentate gyrus (DG) and the CA3 field by examining the effects of paired-pulse stimulation on the evoked population spike (PS) in dorsal (DH) and ventral (VH) hippocampal slices from the adult rat. The antidromic-orthodromic (A-O) and the orthodromic-orthodromic (O-O) paired-pulse stimulation protocols were used at varying inter-puls...

BACKGROUND The mechanisms of common atrial flutter entrainment have not been directly studied in humans. METHODS AND RESULTS Endocardial mapping in six cases of common flutter showed large right atrial (RA) reentry circuits. Activation was craniocaudal in the anterolateral right atrium and caudocranial in the septum. The inferior vena cava-tricuspid isthmus (IVC-TV) closed the circuit. The hi...