Fusion procedures are an accepted and successful management strategy to alleviate pain and/or neurological symptoms associated with degenerative disease of the lumbar spine. In 2005, the first version of the "Guidelines for the performance of fusion procedures for degenerative disease of the lumbar spine" was published in the Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine. In an effort to incorporate evidence ...

in research outputs both quality and quantity are of critical value and evaluation of both aspects is required for best evaluation. several studies have worked on single or two-dimensional methods that provide the assessment of quality, quantity or both simultaneously in different branches of sciences, but none of them have played a role in a particular area of medicine. this study has been con...

objective: several studies have compared ferric sulfate and formocresol pulpotomy in primary molars. the results of these studies, however, could not be compared due to differences in evaluated outcomes (clinical, radiographic, or histologic) and follow up duration. the aim of the present study was a systematic review of similar studies and a metaanalysis of their results to provide the latest ...

to present the basic principles and standards of ethics in medical research and publishing, as well as the need for continuing education in the principles and ethics in science and publication in biomedicine. an analysis of relevant materials and documents, sources from the published literature. investing in education of researches and potential researches, already in the level of medical schoo...

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background and purpose: one of the most reliable methods to evaluate the scientific status of nursing is the assessment of the trend and quality of related articles. this study aimed to determine the publication status and general quality of articles published by iranian nursing scholars engaged in different nursing and midwifery schools in well-known international journals during 2000-2011. me...

on november 1st  2016, springer nature announced that springer and biomed central are retracting 58 articles published by iran-based authors across seven journals. the decision was made after thorough investigation following receiving allegations of plagiarism, peer review, and authorship manipulation in an effort to mislead the review system (1, 2). not all papers were involved with all of the...

management of traumatized patients after road accidents is in many countries still a serious challenge. apart from technical problems in management of car accidents, the recovery and rescue of the patients and their transport to hospital need exact planning and efficient strategy. present lecture compares the trauma management in an industrial country like germany with this in iran. present wor...

conclusions due to our satisfactory test results, the brief training, the steep learning curve and the radiation-free technique the new device has to be considered an appealing alternative for distal locking. objectives our cadaver study was performed to evaluate the accuracy and efficiency of this device. materials and methods in two runs, 30 probands (group 1: 10 students; group 2: 10 residen...