The 3-O-sulfotransferase (3-OST) family catalyzes rare modifications of glycosaminoglycan chains on heparan sulfate proteoglycans, yet their biological functions are largely unknown. Knockdown of 3-OST-7 in zebrafish uncouples cardiac ventricular contraction from normal calcium cycling and electrophysiology by reducing tropomyosin4 (tpm4) expression. Normal 3-OST-7 activity prevents the expansi...

The South-East Asia Region contains an estimated 400,000-500,000 people who inject drugs (PWID). HIV prevalence among PWID is commonly 20% or higher in Indonesia, Thailand, Myanmar and some regions of India. Opioid substitution therapy (OST) is an important HIV prevention intervention in this part of the world. However, key challenges and barriers to scale up of OST exist, including: pervasive ...

The organic solute and steroid transporter, Ost alpha-Ost beta, is an unusual heteromeric carrier that appears to play a central role in the transport of bile acids, conjugated steroids, and structurally-related molecules across the basolateral membrane of many epithelial cells. The transporter's substrate specificity, transport mechanism, tissue distribution, subcellular localization, transcri...

The HIV transmission component of a previously published HIV and HCV transmission model[1] was adapted and used in this analysis, and is described in appendix 2. The model is divided into two intervention sub-groups:no opioid substitution therapy (OST) and OST. The IDUs in the OST group are assumed to have a reduced HIV transmission risk. Initially, the model assumes that no one is in these int...

The bile acid receptor farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is a key regulator of hepatic defense mechanisms against bile acids. A comprehensive study addressing the role of FXR in the coordinated regulation of adaptive mechanisms including biosynthesis, metabolism, and alternative export together with their functional significance is lacking. We therefore fed FXR knockout (FXR(-/-)) mice with cholic aci...

While the Odor Span Task (OST) was developed to assess working memory in rodents, it appears that odor ("What") and time since an odor was last reinforced ("When") jointly control responding in the OST. The OST uses an incrementing non-match to sample procedure such that the number of stimuli to remember increases during the session; the rodent is trained to remember stimuli within a session bu...

The 3-O-sulfonation of glucosamine residues in heparan sulfate (HS) by 3-O-sulfotransferase (3-OST) is a key substitution that is present in HS sequences of biological importance, in particular HS anticoagulant activity. Six different isoforms of 3-OST have been identified that exhibit different substrate specificity. In this paper the affinity and kinetics of the interaction between 3-O-sulfot...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS People with opioid use disorder (OUD) in prison face an acute risk of death after release. We estimated whether prison-based opioid substitution treatment (OST) reduces this risk. DESIGN Prospective observational cohort study using prison health care, national community drug misuse treatment and deaths registers. SETTING Recruitment at 39 adult prisons in England (32 mal...

BACKGROUND Substance abuse and gambling problems are associated, however, studies on gambling problems among opioid substitution treatment (OST) patients are scarce. The aims of this study are to explore the association of gender, age, treatment medication and treatment program with gambling behaviour, including gambling participation and gambling problems, among OST patients. FINDINGS All OS...

OBJECTIVES In rheumatoid arthritis (RA), treat-to-target strategies require instruments for valid detection of joint inflammation. Therefore, imaging modalities are increasingly used in clinical practice. Optical spectral transmission (OST) measurements are non-invasive and fast and may therefore have benefits over existing imaging modalities. We tested whether OST could measure disease activit...