The early decline and loss of female fertility in humans and other species represents an evolutionary paradox. Despite being born with a vast stock of oocytes, females encounter an exhaustion of ovarian reserve and sterility half way through their natural lives. Female reproductive ageing has been proposed to proceed as an ongoing decline in ovarian reserve, determined by remaining ovarian foll...

BACKGROUND Our aim was to determine the effect of single endometriomas ≤3 cm in diameter per se on ovarian reserve in intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycles. METHODS We enrolled 19 consecutive infertile patients (29 cycles) who had unilateral single endometriomas ≤3 cm in diameter and who underwent ICSI. RESULTS The mean age of the patients was 33.3 ± 4.9 years. The mean diameter of...

The clinical use of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) has increased exponentially due to its unique relationship with the ovarian reserve and ability to predict ovarian response, facilitate pretreatment counselling and individualize treatment strategies to minimize the risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. There is now a rapidly increasing literature examining additional possibilities for AMH, ...

Information on the ovarian follicle reserve in the African elephant (Loxodonta africana) is lacking. This study set out to determine the ratios of early preantral follicles and their relative dimensions in the ovaries of 16 African elephant aged 10-34 years. The ovaries were sectioned histologically. Follicles were counted and classified according to expansion of the pre-granulosa cells. Early ...

Introduction There has been a huge amount of media interest in the development of new home fertility tests for couples trying to conceive. The female fertility tests are marketed as devices that measure the quantity of healthy eggs women have left (ovarian reserve). Ovarian reserve is measured by determining the level of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in the urine. High levels of FSH sugges...

There is a general trend towards delay in childbearing age amongst women. The ovarian reserve clearly falls with increasing age and the impact is greater with advancing age, particularly from late 30s. Presence of other risk factors can increase the risk of subfertility. A large number of women are exposed to pelvic surgery for various reasons, both elective and emergency. There is evidence tha...

Abstract Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common gynecological endocrine disorders affecting up to 10% of all females in their reproductive age, and its cause onset still elusive. A spectrum recent research reflected diverse associations between increased plasma level anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) different clinical features PCOS. Since AMH levels reflect pool growing follicles that ...

Anti mullerian hormone (AMH) is a homodimeric glycoprotein belonging to the transforming growth factors (TGF-β) super family. AMH plays a fundamental role in the regression of mullerian ducts in male embryo. In boys, it is significantly produced in Sertoli cells of testes until puberty and then slowly decreases to residual values for the rest of the men’s life. In female, it is secreted by gran...

As the chronological age increases, there is a physiological decline in reproductive potential of women. Moreover, the chronological age of women may not reflect the biological age of her ovaries. Various endocrine markers have been used to assess the ovarian reserve. The changing pattern of the endocrine markers; follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol (E2) and ...

BACKGROUND There is growing and consistent evidence showing that ovarian reserve is affected following surgical excision of ovarian endometriomas. Of particular concern is the risk of severe ovarian damage leading to unresponsiveness to ovarian hyperstimulation. In this study, we aimed to determine the rate of this complication. METHODS Ninety-three women underwent surgery for monolateral end...