b = a length L c = the cohesion intercept M L T Ip = the plasticity index P = a force M L T u = the pore fluid pressure ML T θ = an angle Angle μ1 = shear strength reduction factor related to time effects μ2 = shear strength reduction factor related to fissuring σ = the normal stress on a plane M L T τ = the shearing stress on a plane M L T φ = the angle of internal friction Angle ψ = an angle ...

The main aim of this research is to study the possible use of recycled fine aggregate made from waste rubble wall to substitute partially for the natural sand used in the production of cement and sand bricks. The bricks specimens were prepared by using 100% natural sand; they were then replaced by recycled fine aggregate at 25, 50, 75, and 100% by weight of natural sand. A series of tests was c...

A Bulgarian and a German sentence were presented to Bulgarian and German listeners together with a question which either expected an early narrow focus or a late narrow focus. The answering sentences were manipulated so that the word in the latefocused position ranged from completely de-accented to strongly accented. The early focused position was neutral, allowing latefocus perception with lat...

We study the preservation of the property of L(R) being a Solovay model under projective ccc forcing extensions. We compute the exact consistency strength of the generic absoluteness of L(R) under forcing with projective ccc partial orderings and, as an application, we build models in which Martin’s Axiom holds for Σ ∼ 1 n partial orderings, but it fails for the Σ ∼ 1 n+1.

an experimental program was carried out to investigate the behavior of steel, fiber reinforced concrete (sfrc) under abrasion and cycles of freeze and them. compression and flexural tests were also performed in order to reach a comprehensive conclusion of the response. in total, over 200 specimens were tested the test variables included two concrete strength., (i. e., 28 mpa as normal strength ...

Let σ(A) denote the number of automorphisms of a model A of power ω1 . We derive a necessary and sufficient condition in terms of trees for the existence of an A with ω1 < σ(A) < 2 ω1 . We study the sufficiency of some conditions for σ(A) = 21 . These conditions are analogous to conditions studied by D.Kueker in connection with countable models. The starting point of this paper was an attempt t...

The proof of the consistency of the existence of irregular ultra lters requires large cardinals. Foreman, Magidor, and Shelah forced the existence of a fully irregular ultra lter on a successor cardinal from a huge cardinal. That some large cardinal strength is necessary was shown by Ketonen (0) and Donder, Jensen, and Koppelberg (a measurable cardinal). We considerably improve this lower bound...

We have observed an object having strong Balmer absorption lines and blue continuum. The inference about the nuclear stellar population drawn from the line ratios is basically coincident with that drawn from the continuum color, both indicating the dominant fraction of early A type population in the nucleus. This might be expected only if there has been a very massive starburst, burst strength ...

This Article uses unique data from over 300 criminal trials in four large counties to study the relations between the existence of a prior criminal record and defendants testifying at trial, between defendants testifying at trial and juries’ learning about criminal records, and between juries’ learning about criminal records and their decisions to convict or acquit. Sixty percent of defendants ...