BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Fluid overload and hypermetabolism frequently occur in sepsis patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) setting. These abnormalities correlate with inflammatory mediators released under stressful conditions. Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) is an extracorporeal life support technology that persistently and stably eliminates overhydration and cytokines. This ...

It should be emphasized that a massive diuresis is not an obligatory stage in recovery, that when it occurs it is due to previous overhydration and should not therefore be treated by fluid replacement. The emphasis is necessary because numerous recent publications still advise this treatment, which can only perpetuate the overhydration and cause electrolyte loss. The determining factor in decid...

This study was designed to determine the changes in intraocular pressure (10?) during hemodialysis in the uremic animal and to elucidate those parameters responsible for these changes. An increase in intraocular pressure averaging 41.8 per cent of the control occurred in uremic animals during dialysis. The rise started 21 minutes after dialysis was initiated and reached the maximum 45 to 75 min...

OBJECTIVE To present recommendations to optimize the fluid-replacement practices of athletes. BACKGROUND Dehydration can compromise athletic performance and increase the risk of exertional heat injury. Athletes do not voluntarily drink sufficient water to prevent dehydration during physical activity. Drinking behavior can be modified by education, increasing accessibility, and optimizing pala...

In a recent issue of Critical Care, Brandt and colleagues report the effects of a 'liberal' fluid loading protocol compared to a more 'restrictive' protocol on hemodynamics and mortality in pigs in which septic shock had been induced. It appears that the former protocol was associated with higher mortality in spite of improved hemodynamics compared to the latter. The results of the paper are di...