Elements for a File Structure Description At rst, the concept should be able to describe a static view of a required le structure. Therefore, the concept includes de nitions of terms or elements, which can represent le structure elements. Basic elements of a le structure are les and directories. A directory is a container, which includes a number of les and subdirectories. A directory has attri...

Various digital watermarking techniques have been proposed in recent years as the methods to protect the copyright of multimedia data. However, because the purpose of watermark is mainly for protecting the original owner's rights, the rights of the legitimate customers have not been addressed. This could eventually defeat the goal of using watermark to resolve the rightful ownership. In this pa...

This study investigates how federal, state, and private corporate forest owners in a fire-prone landscape of southcentral Oregon manage their forests to reduce wildfire hazard and loss to high-severity wildfire. We evaluate the implications of our findings for concepts of social–ecological resilience. Using interview data, we found a high degree of "response diversity" (variation in forest mana...

A vertical electronic marketplace (EM) is an inter-organizational intermediary within a single industry that enables participating buyers and sellers to exchange information about price and product offerings and to cooperate on commodity exchange. Using a Relational View (RV) perspective, this paper develops theoretical arguments that explain the impact of ownership on the likelihood of vEM sur...

Jlinlo~.>:Jcal invasions of native forests by nonnative pests result from complex stochastic processes t!ut .1re diHicult to predict. Although economic optimization models describe efticient controls JcTchs the stages of an invasion, the ability to calibrate such models is constrained by lack of lllicmnation on pest population dynamics and consequent economic damages. Here we dcscril)l~ c'c'ono...

The past decade has seen a revival of the long-disfavored concept frontier, which now elucidates interdependence between political centers and their naturally rich peripheries in Global South. “Frontier” referred to cyclical discovery competition over new resources, transformation power relations given space. We contribute this discussion by exploring its relation nature conservation. Examining...

The study develops an integrated model to examine factors, particularly government factors, which influence IT adoption in Chinese firms. By analyzing the survey data from 1540 firms across 14 industries and across various ownerships in Shanghai, the study contributes several insights into firms’ IT usage. First of all, this study sheds light on the IT adoption in Chinese firms and validates th...

A Grid system is comprised of large sets of heterogeneous and geographically distributed resources that are aggregated as a virtual computing platform for executing large-scale scientific applications. As the number of resources in Grid increases rapidly, selecting appropriate resources for tasks has become a crucial issue. The roles of resource selection mechanisms are to identify, select and ...

The study investigates the relationship between psychological ownership with subjective happiness of employees. also examines mediating role work engagement in order to explain and at workplace. purposive sampling techniques have been used cross sectional design collection data. Mediation analysis was conducted on SPSS by using sample 271 employees from leading telecommunication companies worki...