In the crystal structure of the acid platinum phosphate dipotassium di-μ-hydrogenphosphato-bis-[aqua-platinum(III)](Pt-Pt), K(2)[Pt(2)(HPO(4))(4)(H(2)O)(2)], the (Pt(2))(6+) dumbbells within the paddle-wheel complex show Pt-Pt distances of 2.4944 (5) and 2.4892 (5) Å. The pottassium ions are seven-fold coordinated by hydrogenphosphate groups. In the crystal, O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds help to establi...

The main problem that is often found in the failure of microalgae production poor water quality during maintenance period. One causes deteriorating lack oxygen which endangers can inhibit cell growth so it reduce its productivity. On this basis, efforts are needed to refresh or aeration help increase dissolved (DO) level container using a paddle wheel. development an aerator blade design has op...

Z. Naturforsch. 54 b, 1529-1531 (1999); received October 28, 1999 Tris(arsino)amine, Nitrogen Configuration, Planar Nitrogen Configuration, X-Ray Data, Density Functional Calculations The molecular structure of tris(dimethylarsino)amine has been determined by X-ray diffrac­ tion methods. The compound has a planar AS3N core unit with a paddle-wheel conformation of the three MeiAs groups. This st...

The reaction of Zn(NO3)2 x 6H2O, various dicarboxylic acids, and either 4,4'-bipyridine or N,N'-di(4-pyridyl)-1,4,5,8-naphthalenetetracarboxydiimide produces a family of anisotropic, mixed-ligand, open-framework compounds featuring paddle-wheel-type coordination of Zn(II) pairs in two dimensions and pyridyl ligand pillaring in the third. Despite 2-fold interpenetration, the compounds contain ch...

The density functional theory (DFT) model ONIOM(M06L/6-311++G(2df,2p):UFF was employed to reveal the catalytic activity of Cu(II) in the paddle-wheel unit of the metal-organic framework (MOF)-505 material in the Mukaiyama aldol reaction compared with the activity of Cu-ZSM-5 zeolites. The aldol reaction between a silyl enol ether and formaldehyde catalyzed by the Lewis acidic site of both mater...

The Gas Liquid Cylindrical Cyclone (GLCC) separator is an attractive compact separator alternative to the conventional vessel-type two-phase flow separator. Thus, it is important to develop predictive tools for design and to be able to improve the technology of the GLCC. Previous studies on the GLCC have focused on mechanistic models capable of predicting the operational envelope for liquid car...

For improved cross section measurements of the reaction Cða; gÞO in inverted kinematics, a recoil separator ERNA is developed at the 4MV Dynamitron tandem accelerator in Bochum to detect directly the O recoils with high efficiency. The O recoils are produced by the C projectiles in a windowless He gas target. We report on the charge state distribution of the O recoils, the gas target density, t...

A systematic modulation of organic ligands connecting dinuclear paddle-wheel motifs leads to a series of isomorphous metal-organic porous materials that have a three-dimensional connectivity and interconnected pores. Aromatic dicarboxylates such as 1,4-benzenedicarboxylate (1,4-bdc), tetramethylterephthalate (tmbdc), 1,4-naphthalenedicarboxylate (1,4-ndc), tetrafluoroterephthalate (tfbdc), or 2...

The title coordination polymer, [Cu(C(6)H(3)BrNO(2))(2)](n), is composed of two structurally similar two-dimensional coordination polymers (twin layers). Both of them have the same chemical composition but they display different bond lengths and angles. In each layer, two N atoms and four carboxyl-ate O atoms from the bridging 5-bromo-nicotinate ligands and four carboxyl-ate O atoms from the te...

This paper focuses on mixing strategies and designing shape of the bottom topographies to enhance growth microalgae in raceway ponds. A physical-biological coupled model is used describe algae. simple a device such as paddle wheel also considered. The complete process was then included an optimization problem associated with maximization biomass production. results show that non-trivial can be ...