Breast reconstruction with tissue expander is known to be the most painful procedure among breast surgical procedures and is more painful than mastectomy or axillary dissection [1]. This fact was confirmed with National Mastectomy and Breast Reconstruction Audit in England in 2011 [2]. Severe pain was traditionally treated with intravenous narcotic analgesia. We are still searching for more eff...

It is important to undertake a detailed preoperative evaluation to assess and prepare a patient’s pain management plan. A number of factors can influence the severity of postoperative pain. The site and nature of surgery is an important factor — with procedures on the upper abdomen or thorax being the most painful, followed by lower abdominal procedures and then procedures on the peripheral lim...

KEELEY FX. Stent placement under local: too painful to be practical?. Can J Urol 2014;21(1): 7125. painful in a significant proportion of patients. The use of ultrasound and a flexible cystoscope would allow for stent placement to be carried out in an office setting or at the bedside of a hospitalized patient, making the local anesthetic version of the procedure potentially much less expensive....

abstract background: application of a reliable and authentic behavioral tool for measuring patients’ pain, hospitalized in intensive care units who are not able to establish relationship, is needed severely. therefore, this study is conducted with the aim of validating critical care pain observation tool (cpot) in patients hospitalized in surgical wards. materials and methods: cpot was first tr...

INTRODUCTION Patients with patellofemoral instability with trochlear dysplasia may be treated with trochlear osteotomy. CASE PRESENTATION We present a patient with patellofemoral instability treated with trochlear osteotomy. The procedure resulted in nonunion with painful bony impingement and isolated patellofemoral osteoarthritis. Patellofemoral arthroplasty was performed. CONCLUSION Patel...

BACKGROUND Detecting pain is crucial in sedated and mechanically ventilated patients, as they are unable to communicate verbally. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to compare Bispectral index (BIS) monitoring with the Critical-care pain observation tool (CPOT) and vital signs for pain assessment during painful procedures in intubated adult patients after cardiac surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sev...

OBJECTIVE To assess the outcomes and safety after CT-guided percutaneous sacroplasty in patients with painful sacral insufficiency fractures or pathologic sacral lesions. METHODS A retrospective multicenter analysis of consecutive patients undergoing CT-guided sacroplasty for painful sacral insufficiency fractures or sacral lesions was undertaken. The inclusion criteria consisted of severe sa...

introduction: involvement of the skeleton can cause an excruciating pain in two-thirds of terminal patients with a history of malignancy. due to several limitations of other therapies, such as analgesics, bisphosphonates, chemotherapy, hormonal therapy and external beam radiotherapy; bone-seeking radiopharmaceuticals have an important role in palliation of pain from bone metastases. although th...

Background: Ingrown toe nail (IGTN) is a painful condition in which the distal-lateral corner of the nail grows into its surrounding soft tissue leading to inflammation and infection. Failure of conservative therapy is an indication for surgical interventions. The aim of this study is to compare matricectomy by curettage with chemical matricectomy with phenol 88% in terms of post procedur...